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442 Address all correspondence to Yoonjung Kim at yoonjungkim@amorepacific.com. J. Cosmet. Sci., 72, 442–498 (July/August 2021) Cosmetic Coloration: A Review YOONJUNG KIM and JUNGJA LEE AMOREPACIFIC Research and Development Center, 1920, Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea (Y.K., J.L.) Accepted for publication July 6, 2021. Synopsis Colorants for cosmetics appear to be more strictly regulated than any other cosmetic ingredients. Most countries have adopted a positive regulatory system for colorants used in cosmetics. Although there have been many reports on colorants that are used in food products from regulatory perspectives, reports on colorants used in cosmetic products have been limited. The objective of this report is to provide different countries’ regulatory requirements and to encourage the cosmetic industry to export products in compli- ance with global regulations through a comparative analysis of cosmetic colorant regulatory systems in major countries. We first provide an overview of cosmetic colorant regulatory frameworks of the European Union, the United States, China, and Korea. Then the cosmetic colorants were divided into three sectors: synthetic, inorganic, and natural. Each chapter describes the colorants’ general characteristics and explains the regulatory differences. Additionally, synthetic colorant labeling with a different nomenclature system is discussed. INTRODUCTION Colorants have been used since prehistoric times in cosmetics, foods, and fabrics (1). Colors influence people’s moods and feeling as well as the appearance of the products to others. It has been reported that when people have their first interaction with a person or a product, 62–90% of their assessments are based on colors alone (2). When consumers select cosmetic products, color is a decisive factor in their purchases (3). Recently, the cosmetic industry in Korea has developed at a very fast speed, and increased its global exports. Thanks to the growing popularity of K-beauty around the world, Korea has become the world’s fourth largest cosmetic exporter after France, the United States, and Germany (4). When exporting products to various countries, understanding the differences in cosmetic regulatory systems between countries is crucial. Specially, cosmetic colorants follow a positive system in most countries. Because all countries have ­ different approaches to these regulations, they are perceived as the biggest barrier to exports to the international market. Therefore, we have compared Korea’s cosmetic regu- lations with those of other world leaders.