69 Oleo-Furan Sulfonates
formulating dioxane-, sulfate-, and water-free personal care products in the form of loose
powder and/or compact pellets, moving the industry away from petrochemically derived
and/or ecotoxicological ingredients. Additionally, by developing water-free products,
lightweight plastic-free packaging alternatives become more feasible to use, which are
crucial toward cutting down plastic pollution in water and wastewater systems.
REFERENCES
(1) Hairon Azhar NN, Ang DT-C, Abdullah R, Harikrishna JA, Cheng A. Bio-Based Materials Riding
the Wave of Sustainability: Common Misconceptions, Opportunities, Challenges and the Way Forward.
Sustainability. 2022 14(9):5032. doi:10.3390/su14095032
(2) Hayes D, Solaiman DK, Ashby RD. Biobased Surfactants: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications.
Elsevier 2019. doi:10.1016/C2016-0-03179-0
(3) Zargar AN, Srivastava P. Biosurfactants: sustainable alternatives to chemical surfactants. In:
Industrial Applications of Biosurfactants and Microorganisms. Elsevier 2024:425–436. doi:10.1016/
B978-0-443-13288-9.00015-2
(4) Walker S, Rothman R. Life cycle assessment of bio-based and fossil-based plastic: a review. J Clean Prod.
2020 261:121158. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121158
(5) Sun M, Wang Y, Shi L, Klemeš JJ. Uncovering energy use, carbon emissions and environmental burdens
of pulp and paper industry: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Renew Sustain Energ Rev. 2018 92:823–
833. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2018.04.036
(6) Nguyen TT, Sabatini DA. Characterization and emulsification properties of rhamnolipid and sophorolipid
biosurfactants and their applications. Int J Mol Sci. 2011 12(2):1232–1244. doi:10.3390/ijms12021232
(7) Bajwa DS, Pourhashem G, Ullah AH, Bajwa SG. A concise review of current lignin production,
applications, products and their environmental impact. Ind Crops Prod. 2019 139:111526. doi:10.1016/j.
indcrop.2019.111526
(8) Ortiz MS, Alvarado JG, Zambrano F, Marquez R. Surfactants produced from carbohydrate derivatives: a
review of the biobased building blocks used in their synthesis. J Surfactants Deterg. 2022 25(2):147–183.
doi:10.1002/jsde.12581
(9) Ontiveros JF, Wang L, Chatel K, et al. Design and properties of a novel family of nonionic biobased
furanic hydroxyester and amide surfactants. ACS Sustainable Chem Eng. 2021 9(50):16977–16988.
doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c05371
(10) Marquez R, Ortiz MS, Barrios N, et al. Surfactants produced from carbohydrate derivatives: Part 2. A
review on the value chain, synthesis, and the potential role of artificial intelligence within the biorefinery
concept. J Surfact &Detergents. 2025 28(1):25–76. doi:10.1002/jsde.12766
(11) Jiang J, Zu Y, Li X, Meng Q, Long X. Recent progress towards industrial rhamnolipids fermentation:
process optimization and foam control. Bioresour Technol. 2020 298:122394. doi:10.1016/J.
BIORTECH.2019.122394
(12) Nagrale P. Bio-based surfactant market research report [WWW document]. Mark Res Futur 2023.
Accessed 9/1/2024. https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/bio-based-surfactantsmarket-3907
(13) Santos BLP, Jesus MS, Mata F, et al. Use of agro-industrial waste for biosurfactant production: a
comparative study of Hemicellulosic liquors from corncobs and sunflower stalks. Sustainability.
2023 15(8). doi:10.3390/su15086341
(14) 1,4-dioxane limits for household cleansing, personal care, and cosmetic products n.d. Department
of Environmental Conservation. https://dec.ny.gov/environmental-protection/help-for-businesses/
household-personal-cosmetic-dioxane-limits#:∼:text=The%20law%20establishes%20a%20
maximum,31%2C%202022%2C%20for%20cosmetics. Accessed 8/27/2024.
(15) https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23787882-1-4dapprovedwaivers-sheet1. Accessed 8/27/2024.
(16) Craig A. Bettenhausen. Getting the 1,4-dioxane out. C&EN Global Enterp. 2020 98(11):21–23.
doi:10.1021/cen-09811-feature2.
formulating dioxane-, sulfate-, and water-free personal care products in the form of loose
powder and/or compact pellets, moving the industry away from petrochemically derived
and/or ecotoxicological ingredients. Additionally, by developing water-free products,
lightweight plastic-free packaging alternatives become more feasible to use, which are
crucial toward cutting down plastic pollution in water and wastewater systems.
REFERENCES
(1) Hairon Azhar NN, Ang DT-C, Abdullah R, Harikrishna JA, Cheng A. Bio-Based Materials Riding
the Wave of Sustainability: Common Misconceptions, Opportunities, Challenges and the Way Forward.
Sustainability. 2022 14(9):5032. doi:10.3390/su14095032
(2) Hayes D, Solaiman DK, Ashby RD. Biobased Surfactants: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications.
Elsevier 2019. doi:10.1016/C2016-0-03179-0
(3) Zargar AN, Srivastava P. Biosurfactants: sustainable alternatives to chemical surfactants. In:
Industrial Applications of Biosurfactants and Microorganisms. Elsevier 2024:425–436. doi:10.1016/
B978-0-443-13288-9.00015-2
(4) Walker S, Rothman R. Life cycle assessment of bio-based and fossil-based plastic: a review. J Clean Prod.
2020 261:121158. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121158
(5) Sun M, Wang Y, Shi L, Klemeš JJ. Uncovering energy use, carbon emissions and environmental burdens
of pulp and paper industry: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Renew Sustain Energ Rev. 2018 92:823–
833. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2018.04.036
(6) Nguyen TT, Sabatini DA. Characterization and emulsification properties of rhamnolipid and sophorolipid
biosurfactants and their applications. Int J Mol Sci. 2011 12(2):1232–1244. doi:10.3390/ijms12021232
(7) Bajwa DS, Pourhashem G, Ullah AH, Bajwa SG. A concise review of current lignin production,
applications, products and their environmental impact. Ind Crops Prod. 2019 139:111526. doi:10.1016/j.
indcrop.2019.111526
(8) Ortiz MS, Alvarado JG, Zambrano F, Marquez R. Surfactants produced from carbohydrate derivatives: a
review of the biobased building blocks used in their synthesis. J Surfactants Deterg. 2022 25(2):147–183.
doi:10.1002/jsde.12581
(9) Ontiveros JF, Wang L, Chatel K, et al. Design and properties of a novel family of nonionic biobased
furanic hydroxyester and amide surfactants. ACS Sustainable Chem Eng. 2021 9(50):16977–16988.
doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c05371
(10) Marquez R, Ortiz MS, Barrios N, et al. Surfactants produced from carbohydrate derivatives: Part 2. A
review on the value chain, synthesis, and the potential role of artificial intelligence within the biorefinery
concept. J Surfact &Detergents. 2025 28(1):25–76. doi:10.1002/jsde.12766
(11) Jiang J, Zu Y, Li X, Meng Q, Long X. Recent progress towards industrial rhamnolipids fermentation:
process optimization and foam control. Bioresour Technol. 2020 298:122394. doi:10.1016/J.
BIORTECH.2019.122394
(12) Nagrale P. Bio-based surfactant market research report [WWW document]. Mark Res Futur 2023.
Accessed 9/1/2024. https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/bio-based-surfactantsmarket-3907
(13) Santos BLP, Jesus MS, Mata F, et al. Use of agro-industrial waste for biosurfactant production: a
comparative study of Hemicellulosic liquors from corncobs and sunflower stalks. Sustainability.
2023 15(8). doi:10.3390/su15086341
(14) 1,4-dioxane limits for household cleansing, personal care, and cosmetic products n.d. Department
of Environmental Conservation. https://dec.ny.gov/environmental-protection/help-for-businesses/
household-personal-cosmetic-dioxane-limits#:∼:text=The%20law%20establishes%20a%20
maximum,31%2C%202022%2C%20for%20cosmetics. Accessed 8/27/2024.
(15) https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23787882-1-4dapprovedwaivers-sheet1. Accessed 8/27/2024.
(16) Craig A. Bettenhausen. Getting the 1,4-dioxane out. C&EN Global Enterp. 2020 98(11):21–23.
doi:10.1021/cen-09811-feature2.

































































































