136 JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE Presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9) was revealed previously in the same study. Polyunsaturated fatty acids have an important role in the restoration of skin barrier healing because they modulate inflammatory responses (32). Dermatological procedures such as IPL, laser, and peeling can cause damage to the skin surface, which compromises the skin barrier function as these methods remove epidermal cells (33–35). There is evidence that the skin barrier is metabolically active and participates in inflammatory responses through the activation of cytokines, fibroblasts, melanocytes, and new vascular formation (36). Omega-9 fatty acid can significantly inhibit the production of nitric oxide, improve the level of interleukin-10, and decrease the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the skin lesion (37–39). It is possible that the improvement of inflammation through P. angulate does not happen only by using physalins and phytosteroids. The present study showed similar results to those of previous studies conducted using P. angulate. G1-PA results were less effective than G1-H. In contrast, G2-PA showed better results than G2-V such as improvements in all objective and subjective parameters including pain, erythema, and temperature. The temperature in 28 participants (93.3%) was higher in the hand that was treated with the moisturizing extract of P. angulate, and in 13 participants (43.3%), it was 1°C. CONCLUSION This study shows that the cream containing 0.5% P. angulate L. extract may be useful when a mild anti-inflammatory agent is required for treating skin-related inflammations. Although the response was lower compared to hydrocortisone, these clinical results highlighted the anti-inflammatory properties of the cream and its potential as a dermocosmetic. This study also paves the way for further research involving preclinical studies with different concentrations to prove the benefits and quantify the anti-inflammatory action of P. angulata in comparison to that of corticosteroids. REFERENCES (1) S. Cignachi, V. Campos, L. Maluf, L. Grohs, M. Wancizinski and M. Costa, Comparative study of the effectiveness of 2940-nm, 1340-nm laser and intense pulsed light use on global rejuvenation of hands. J Am Acad Dermatol, 72, 1–267 (2015). (2) A. Kawada, H. Shiraishi, M. Asai, H. Kameyama, Y. Sangen, Y. Aragane and T. Tezuka, Clinical improvement of solar lentigines and ephelides with an intense pulsed light source. J Dermatol Surg, 28 (6), 504–508 (2002). (3) H. Sasaya, A. Kawada, T Wada, A. Hirao, and N. Oiso, Clinical effectiveness of intense pulsed light therapy for solar lentigines of the hands. J Dermatol Surg, 24 (6), 584–586 (2011). (4) R. C. R. Patriota, C. J. Rodrigues, and L. C. Cucé, Luz intensa pulsada no fotoenvelhecimento: Avaliação clínica, histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica. An Bras Dermatol, 86 (6), 1129–1133 (2011). (5) M. G. Cunha, F. D. Paravic and C. A. Machado, Alterações histológicas dos tipos de colágeno após diferentes modalidades de tratamento para remodelamento dérmico: Uma revisão bibliográfica. Surg Cosmet Dermatolo, 7 (4), 285–292 (2015). (6) S. A. P. Sampaio and E. A. Rivitti, Dermatologia. 3rd Ed. (Artes Medicas, São Paulo, 2008).

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