313 Characterizing and Modeling Complexion (19) W. S. Li, S. Wang, T. Wu, and Y. Wu, Facial complexion recognition based on supervised latent dirichlet allocation in TCM, 2011 4th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, IEEE Xplore (2011). (20) C. Liu, C. Zhao, G. Li, F. Liz, and Z. Wang, Computerized color analysis for facial diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, IEEE Xplore (2013). (21) X. Li, F. Li, Y. Wang, P. Qian, and X. Zheng, Computer-aided disease diagnosis system in TCM based on facial image analysis, Int. J. Funct. Inform. Personal. Med., 2, 303–314 (2009). (22) Y. Lin, Complexion classification based on convolutional neural network, J. Artif. Intell. Pract., 3, 22–30 (2020). (23) J. F. Hermanns, L. Petit, T. Hermanns-Le, and G. E. Pierard, Analytic quantification of phototype- related regional skin complexion, Skin Res. Technol., 7, 168–171 (2001). (24) J. de Rigal, M. L. Abella, F. Giron, L. Caisey, and M. A. Lefebvre, Development and validation of a new skin color chart, Skin Res. Technol., 13, 101–109 (2007). (25)V .Hourblin, S. Nouveau, N. Roy, and O. de Lacharrière, Skin complexion and pigmentary disorders in facial skin of 1204 women in 4 Indian cities, Indian J. Dermat. Venereol. Leprol., 80, 395–401 (2014). (26) L. Ang, B. J. Lee, H. Kim, and M. H. Yim, STOP: a spectroscopic tip optical probe for skin complexion characterization, Biomedical Optics Conference 2016, OSA Technical Digest (2016). (27) Y. Wu, T. Tanaka, and M. Akimoto, Utilization of individual typology angle (ITA) and hue angle in the measurement of skin color on images, Bioimages, 28, 1–7 (2020). (28) C. Musnier, P. Piquemal, P. Beau, and J. C. Pittet, Visual evaluation in vivo of ‘complexion radiance’ using the C.L.B.T. sensory methodology, Skin Res. Technol., 10, 50–56 (2004). (29) A. Petitjean, J. M. Sainthillier, S. Mac-Mary, P. Muret, B. Closs, T. Gharbi, and P. Humbert, Skin radiance: how to quantify? Validation of an optical method, Skin Res. Technol., 13, 2–8 (2007). (30) D. Qu, X. Wang, J. Liu, Z. Wu, C. Kuesten, W. Hu, H. Totsuka, and Y. Chen, Comprehensive model for characterizing skin translucency by expert grading, panel evaluation and image analysis in a Chinese population, Int. J. Cosmet. Sci., 44, 500–513 (2022). (31) Z. Wu, D. Qu, S. Whitehead, X. Wang, and J. Liu, Quantification of perception towards facial skin ideal complexion in multiple ethnic populations from clinical imaging cues, Int. J. Cosmet. Sci., 44, 636–649 (2022). (32) D. Qu and C. Kuesten, Development, validation and application of an image analysis method for in vivo measurement of skin visual roughness, Anti-Ageing Skin Care Conference 2018, London, UK, June 5–6, paper no. 6 (2018). (33) D. Qu and Y. Park, Skin youthfulness index – a novel model correlating age with objectively measured visual parameters of facial skin, IFSCC Magazine, 17, 9–16 (2014). (34) A. Matsubara, Skin translucency: what is it and how is it measured? 24th IFSCC Congress Abstracts (Oral Session), Osaka, Japan, 92–93 (2006). (35) A. Brown and A. Maydeu-Olivares, Item response modeling of forced-choice questionnaires, Educ. Psychol. Meas., 71(3), 460–502 (2011). (36) J. Bi and C. Kuesten, Sensory measurements for the method of “M+N” with larger M and N, J. Sens. Stud., 30, 461–471 (2015). (37) J. M. Bland and D. G. Altman, The odds ratio, BMJ, 320, 1468 (2000). (38) R. A. Bradley and M. Terry. The rank analysis of incomplete block designs: I. the method of paired comparisons. Biometrika, 39, 324–345 (1952). (39) A. Agresti, “Bradley–Terry Model for paired preferences,” in Categorical Data Analysis, D. J. Balding, N. A. C. Cressie, and G. M. Fitzmaurice, Eds., Wiley, New York, 1990, 436–439. (40) Bradley–Terry Model, Wikipedia, accessed December 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Bradley%E2%80%93Terry_model.