342 JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE (19) S. Lebecque, J.M. Crowet, M.N. Nasir, M. Deleu, L. Lins, Molecular dynamics study of micelles properties according to their size. Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling, 72, 6–15 (2017). (20) L. Maibaum, A.R. Dinner, D. Chandler, Micelle formation and the hydrophobic effect, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B., 108(21), 6778–6781 (2004). (21) S.A.V. Morris, R.T. Thompson, R.W. Glenn, K.P. Ananthapadmanabhan, G.B. Kasting, Mechanisms of anionic surfactant penetration into human skin: Investigating monomer, micelle and submicellar aggregate penetration theories, International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 41(1), 55–66 (2019). (22) R.S. Chaurasiya, H.U. Hebbar, Reverse micelles for nanoparticle synthesis and biomolecule separation, Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, 24, 181–211 (2017). (23) E.P. Melo, M.R. Aires-Barros, J.M.S. Cabral, Reverse micelles and protein biotechnology, Biotechnology Annual Review, 7, 87–129 (2001). (24) P.A. Penttilä, S. Vierros, K. Utriainen, N. Carl, L. Rautkari, M. Sammalkorpi, M.O. Sterberg, Phospholipid-based reverse micelle structures in vegetable oil modified by water content, free fatty acid, and temperature, Langmuir, 35(25), 8373–8382 (2019). (25) M.D. Chatzidaki, K.D. Papavasileiou, M.G. Papadopoulos, A. Xenakis, Reverse micelles as antioxidant carriers: an experimental and molecular dynamics study, Langmuir, 33(20), 5077–5085 (2017). (26) G. Eskici, P.H. Axelsen, The size of AOT reverse micelles, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B., 120(44), 11337–11347 (2016). (27) T. Hussain, R. Batool, Microemulsion route for the synthesis of nano-structured catalytic materials, Properties and Uses of Microemulsions, 24, (2017). (28) Z. He, J.S. Tan, S. Abbasiliasi, O.M. Lai, Y.J. Tam, M. Halim, A.B. Ariff, Primary recovery of miraculin from miracle fruit, Synsepalum dulcificum by AOT reverse micellar system, LWT -Food Science and Technology, 64(2), 1243–1250 (2015). (29) S.C. Chuo, N. Abd-Talib, S.H.M Setapar, H. Hassan, H.M. Nasir, A. Ahmad, D. Lokhat, G.M. Ashraf, Reverse micelle Extraction of Antibiotics using an Eco-friendly Sophorolipids Biosurfactant, Scientific Reports, 8(1), 477 (2018). (30) B. Kim, H-E. Cho, S.H. Moon, H-J. Ahn, S. Bae, H.D. Cho, S. An, Transdermal delivery systems in cosmetics, Biomedical Dermatology, 4(10), 1–10 (2020). (31) E. Feitosa, V.R.O Cavalcante, L.Q. Amaral, Phase behavior of the orange essential oil/sodium bis(2- ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate/water system, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 348 (1–3), 82–86 (2009). (32)V .R. Girardi, J.J. Silber, N. Mariano Correa, R.D. Falcone, The use of two non-toxic lipophilic oils to generate environmentally friendly anionic reverse micelles without cosurfactant. Comparison with the behavior found for traditional organic non-polar solvents, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 457, 354–362 (2014). (33) N. Dib, R.D. Falcone, A. Acuña, L.G. Río, The ionic liquid-surfactant bmim-AOT and nontoxic lipophilic solvents as components of reverse micelles alternative to the traditional systems. A study by 1H NMR spectroscopy, Journal of Molecular Liquids, 304, 112762 (2020). (34) T.T. Nguyen, A. Edelen, B. Neighbors, D.A. Sabatini, Biocompatible lecithin-based microemulsions with rhamnolipid and sophorolipid biosurfactants: formulation and potential applications, Journal of Colloid Interface Science, 348, 498–504 (2010). (35) M.D. Chatzidaki, E. Mitsou, A. Yaghmur, A. Xenakis, V. Papadimitriou, Formulation and characterization of food-grade microemulsions as carriers of natural phenolic antioxidants, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 483, 130–136 (2015). (36) M.A. Polizelli, A.L.D. Santos, E. Feitosa, The effect of sodium chloride on the formation of W/O microemulsions in soybean oil/surfactant/water systems and the solubilization of small hydrophilic molecules, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 315(1–3), 130–135 (2008). (37) M.A. Polizelli, V.R.N Telis, L.Q. Amaral, E. Feitosa, Formation and characterization of soy bean oil/ surfactant/water microemulsions, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 281(1–3), 230–236 (2006).

343 Application of Reverse Micelles in Cosmetic Formulations (38) P. Calandra, C. Giordano, A. Ruggirello, V.T. Liveri, Physicochemical investigation of acrylamide solubilization in sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate and lecithin reversed micelles, Journal of Colloid Interface Science, 277(1), 206–214 (2004). (39) R. Bermejo, E.M. Talavera, C. delValle, J.M. Alvarez-Pez, C-phycocyanin incorporated into reverse micelles: a fluorescence study, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 18 (1), 51–59 (2000). (40) Y. Liu, F. Zhao, J. Dun, X. Qi, D. Cao, Lecithin/isopropyl myristate reverse micelles as transdermal insulin carriers: Experimental evaluation and molecular dynamics simulation, Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 59, 101891 (2020). (41) J.L. Gębicki, M. Szymańska-Owczarek, B. Pacholczyk-Sienicka, S. Jankowski, Ascorbyl radical disproportionation in reverse micellar systems, Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 145, 174–179 (2018). (42) M.D.P. Garcia-Mendoza, F.A. Espinosa-Pardo, R. Savoire, C.H. Schiavo, M. Cansell, P. Subra-Paternault, Improvement of the oxidative stability of camelina oil by enrichment with phospholipid-quercetin formulations, Food Chemistry, 341(1), 128234 (2021). (43) D. Duscher, A.A. Trotsyuk, Z.N. Maan, S.H. Kwon, M. Rodrigues, K. Engel, Z.A.S. Buchbinder, C.A. Bonham, J. Barrera, A.J. Whittam, M.S. Hu, M. Inayathullah, J. Rajadas, G.C. Gurtner, Optimization of transdermal deferoxamine leads to enhanced efficacy in healing skin wounds, Journal of Control Release, 308, 232–239 (2019). (44) O. Fadel, L. Girard, D.G. Rodrigues, P. Bauduin, X.L. Goff, A.R. Castera, A.L. Hermitte, O. Diat, Micellization in vegetable oils: A structural characterisation, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 154, 279–286 (2017). (45) E.P. Premarathne, D.N. Karunaratne, A.D. Perera, Controlled release of diclofenac sodium in glycolipid incorporated micro emulsions, International Journal of Pharmaceuticals, 511(2), 890–898 (2016). (46) J.S. Yuan, A. Yip, N. Nguyen, J. Chu, X.Y. Wen, E.J. Acosta, Effect of surfactant concentration on transdermal lidocaine delivery with linker microemulsions, International Journal of Pharmaceuticals, 392(1–2), 274–284 (2010). (47) C. Padula, S. Nicoli, P. Santi, Innovative formulations for the delivery of levothyroxine to the skin, Int J Pharm, 372(1–2), 12–16 (2009). (48) M. Varshney, T. Khanna, M. Changez, Effects of AOT micellar systems on the transdermal permeation of glyceryl trinitrate, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 13(1), 1–11 (1999). (49) S.H. Seo, J.Y. Chang, Organogels from 1H-imidazole amphiphiles: Entrapment of a hydrophilic drug into strands of the self-assembled amphiphiles, Chemistry of Materials, 17(12), 3249–3254 (2005). (50) D-G. Park, E-J. Oh, E-A. Chu, K-S. Jin, S.K. Cho, H-Y. Lee, Effect of temperature on the reverse self- assembly of lecithin and sugar alcohol mixtures in a nonpolar solvent, Journal of Molecular Liquids, 347, 118384 (2022). (51) Y-G. Jung, C-R. Lee, H-J. Kim, M-g. Kim, K.S. Jin, H-Y. Lee, Effect of hydrocarbon chain length of aliphatic solvents on the reverse self-assembly of lecithin and monovalent ion mixtures, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 607, 125441 (2020). (52) M. Imai, K. Hashizaki, H. Taguchi, Y. Saito, S. Motohashi, A new reverse worm-like micellar system from a lecithin, multivalent carboxylic acid and oil mixture, Journal Colloid Interface Science, 403, 77–83 (2013). (53) E. Esposito, L. Ravani, P. Mariani, C. Puglia, S. Mazzitelli, N. Huang, R. Cortesi, C. Nastruzzi, Gelified reverse micellar dispersions as percutaneous formulations, Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 32, 270–282 (2016). (54) E.E. Simsolo, I. Eroglu, S.T. Tanriverdi, O. Özer, Formulation and evaluation of organogels containing hyaluronan microparticles for topical delivery of caffeine, AAPS PharmSciTech, 19(3), 1367–1376 (2018). (55) A. Bhatia, B. Singh, K. Raza, S. Wadhwa, O.P. Katare, Tamoxifen-loaded lecithin organogel (LO) for topical application: Development, optimization and characterization, International Journal of Pharmaceuticals, 444(1–2), 47–59 (2013). (56) O.P. Agrawal, S. Agrawal, An overview of new drug delivery system: microemulsion, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science &Technology, 2(1), 5–12 (2012).