172 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS There are in this papyrus numerous remedies prescribed for diseases of the eyes but one that may serve as an example is "for not letting a hair grow in the eye after it has been pulled out: Incense ground with dung(?) of a lizard blood of an ox blood of an ass blood ooe a pig blood of hound blood of a goat black eye-paint and green eye-paint. Grind finely together with this blood and apply to the place of this hair after it has been pulled out, and it will not grow." There are also numerous remedies for skin and scalp troubles. It is strange that a people so addicted to wigs as were the ancient Egyptians should plague the physician for recipes to stop their natural hair from grow- ing gray or to stop it from falling out as well as to cause their gray poles to become as black as youth again or to cause their fallen locks to grow again, but this they did to judge from the number of recipes recorded for these purposes. For example: A remedy "to cause the hair of a bald-headed person to grow: Fat of a lion, fat of a hippopotamus, fat of a crocodile, fat of a cat, fat of a serpent, fat of an ibex. Mix together and anoint the head of a bald person there- with." Another remedy to make the hair grow, prepared for Shesh, the mother of his majesty the King of Upper and Lower Egypt Tety, deceased: Paw of a hound, date seeds, hoof of an ass. Boil thoroughly in oil in a pot and anoint therewith." One can understand the magical thinking that lies behind such recipes as the following which are intended to stop grizzling and to turn graying locks raven black again. Perhaps the ancient Egyptians were prone to become gray early in life. The section dedicated to this laudable end in the papyrus begins so: "The beginning of remedies to prevent graying and to treat the hair: Blood of a black calf boiled with oil. Anoint therewith." "Another (remedy): Blood from the horn of a black ox boiled in oil. Anoint therewith." These recipes clearly depend upon the magical transfer of some of the blackness of the calf or ox to the hair of the user. In the case of other rec- ipes such as the following the magic is not obvious if it is present at all: "Another (remedy): Horn of a gazelle boiled in oil in a cauldron. Mix with oil and anoint the head of the man or woman therewith." There are equally good recipes for concoctions which will cause the hair to fall out. These were no doubt for the use of a woman against another hated woman, perhaps another wife of her husband or a prospective one. They are on a par with the potions one could use to make a person fall in or out of love with oneself. There are recipes for darkening the white scar left by a burn or for re- moving the scars left by wounds or a beating. One recipe for darkening the

THE COSMETIC ARTS IN ANCIENT EGYPT 173 scar of a burn bears the personal testimony of some unknown physi- cian: "Barley bread, oil and salt. Mix together and bandage therewith many times to cure it immediately. Really excellent. I have seen it occur wonderfully through my agency." There is also a short series of recipes for deodorants, that is, "remedies to prevent odor in summer." One such recipe concludes with the admonition: "You must not be remiss therein." A sample recipe is this: "Incense and dough. Mix together, make into a ball and apply to the place where limb joins limb." Figure &--Bronze hair cutler and tweezer. Handle of curler in the form of a horse ending in a cutting edge. (Photograph courtesy of the Oriental Institute, University of Chicago.) Another recipe that ought to be worth a great deal is the one single pre- scription in this papyrus to this effect: "Remedy to prevent dandruff(?) on the head: Grains of barley ground and roasted, 5 measures grains of roasted mmi, 5 measures soft grease, 5 measures. Mix together and anoint therewith." Then supplementary to this anointing there is this follow-up: "It is to be anointed with fish oil on the second day, anointed with hippo- potamus fat on the third day, anointed with ladanum on the fourth day." No less useful ought these prescriptions, thoroughly tested, be for im- proving the condition of the skin: "Honey, red natron and northern salt. Grind together and rub the body therewith."