132 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS was Bacillus subtilis (15.4%). If all the different strains of Bacillus species isolated in our research was combined, they would comprise 52.3% of the resident bacteria isolated. Gram-positive and gram- variable isolates accounted for 90.5% of the bacterial species. 10. Resident actinomycetes were found in 21.4% of subjects with dandruff and in 4.5% of those without dandruff. The eight resident isolates belonged to the genus Streptomyces. 11. There was no difference in the pH (,5.2) of the scalps of subjects with dandruff and those without. There is no correlation between scalp pH and dandruff. 12. No specific organism, with the possible exception of ?. ovale, showed any significant relationship to dandruff. It was concluded that an increase in the total microbial flora was a factor in the increase of dandruff production since almost twice as many species of organisms were found in the scalps of those subjects with dandruff than on the scalps of those subjects without dandruff. (Received April 26, 1968) REFERENCES (10) (11) (13) (1) Malassez, L., Note sur la champignon de la pelade, Arch. Physiol. iVorm. et Pathol., 1, 208 (1874). (2) Reddish, G. F., The etiology of infectious dandruff, J. Soc. Cosmetic Chemists, 3, 90 (1952). (8) Hechemy, K. E., The odoriferous principle obtained from Pityrosporum ovale when grown on a medium containing sesame oil, Master of Science Thesis, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy, Boston, 1965. (4) Roia, F. C., Jr., VanderWyk, R. W., and Beal, J. A., The human scalp as a habitat for yeasts, J. Soc. Cosmetic Chemists, 14, 81 (1963). (5) Beal, J. A., Isolation and classification of aerobic bacteria from the human scalp, Master of Science Thesis, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy, Boston, 1962. (6) Epstein, J. M., The isolation and identification of fecal organisms from the human scalp, Master of Science Thesis, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy, Boston, 1963. (7) Shaw, C. T., and VanderWyk, R. W., The human scalp as a habitat for molds, J. Soc. Cosmetic Chemists, 18, 563 (1967). (8) VanderWyk, R. W., and Roia, F. C., The relationship between dandruff and the micro- bial flora of the human scalp, Ibid., 15, 761 (1964). (9) VanderWyk, R. W., and Hechemy, K. E., A comparison of the bacterial and yeast flora of the human scalp and their influence upon dandruff production, Ibid., 18, 729 (1967). Van Buskirk, W. L., The aerobic bacteria of the human scalp and their relationship to scurf production, Master of Science Thesis, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy, Boston, 1967. Lubowe, I. I., Diseases of the scalp and hair, Soap, Perfumery Cosmetics, 34, 1028 (1961). Gordon, M. A., The lipophilic mycofiora of the skin. I. In vitro culture of oeityrosporum orbiculare n. sp., Mycologia, 43, 524 (1951). VanderWyk, R. W., Unpublished procedure, 1958.

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