56 JOURN)kL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS Discontinuances of the baths with either soap were followed by incre- ments in odor-producing capacities of perspiration coincident with rises in its bacterial population through- out the last four of the six days of the second control period. Critical analyses of the results of the two comparative experiments indicate that the inhibitory effects of the germicidal soap upon developments of odor in perspiration were opera- tive during, at least, the first three days after the bathing with the with the germicidal soap persist at significantly lower levels than do the corresponding curves in the experiments with the plain soap. Qualitatively, the results of the series of experiments summarized in Chart V are in agreement with the experiences of several in- vestigators who have utilized various modifications of the Price hand washing technique in studies of the antibacterial actions of soaps containing dihydroxy-hexachloro-di- phenyl-methane (24 and 25). --20 --40 -•o -•o -loo -I %'"-0._.9_.0 I 1 2 3, 4 5 6 DAYS OF TEST PERIOD I I I I. I 7 8 SECOND CONTROL PERIOD Chart VI.--Comparative reductions in rates of excretion of sweat and in bacterial populations of skins of axillas during and after periods of applications of an antiperspirant cream. O o a.m. and p.m. rates of excretion of sweat, [•W a.m. and p.m. cultures of cutaneous bacteria. germicidal soap had been discon- tinued. Also, within this period, re-establishments of the bacterial populations of the subjects' skins were inhibited. Thereafter, differ- ences between slopes of the two sets of curves in either chart be- come less significant. However, the curves for both odor-producing ca- pacities and bacterial populations of perspiration throughout the second control period of the experiments Chart VI summarizes a series of experiments which has been chosen to illustrate one of two procedures adaptab'le to practical evaluations of antiperspirants and deodorant prep- arations intended for topical ap- plications to cutaneous areas of the axillas. The experimental period included (a) a first control period of seven days, (b) a test period of six days, and (c) a second control period of three days.

TESTING DEODORANTS WITH CHLOROPHYLL AND DERIVATIVES 57 Sweating tests for purposes of collecting samples of perspiration from subjects' axillas were carried out during mornings (9-10 a.m.) and afternoons (3-4 p.m.) of the first five days of the first control and test periods and of the third day of the second control period. On the sixth day of the first control and test periods (Saturdays), sweating tests were limited to mornings. In three sweating tests, partially disrobed subjects were placed in a hot room of which the temperature is maintained between 40 and 42øC. during one hour. Axillas of all subjects were dried by applications of cleansing tissues to remove gross moisture prior to the admission of the subjects to the hot room. Dried and weighed absorbent pads, which had been designed to contact the entire cutaneous surfaces of the axilla, were introduced into the subjects' axillary fossas and main- tained in place by straps fastened over the shoulders. Each pad is marked for sub- sequent identification in respect to both the subject's number and the axilla into which it was introduced. After the initial drying process, the pads were maintained in a desic- cator up to the time of weighing. Two weighed pads intended for use on one subject were placed in one aluminum container and kept in this closed container until they were placed in the axillary fossas for which they had been intended. Intervals between the weighings of the pads and their insertions into subjects' axillas did not exceed thirty minutes. After introduction of the pads, the inner surfaces of the forearms were fixed against the walls of their chests by placing over the subjects' shoulders a full-length Terry cloth robe and, then, by encircling the chests and arms with several layers of gauze bandages at a level of the middle third of the forearm. At the end of the first fifteen minutes in the hot room, each subject drank 200 c.c. of a hot brew of tea. At the end of the sweating test, the pads were removed from the axillas, and placed in the aluminum container which bore the subject's number. Then, the pads were weighed and the combined increases in weights of the two pads were re- corded as quantities of perspiration excreted into the two axillas during the sweating tests. Following com- pletions of the weighings, the two pads used on any one subject were disintegrated completely and the entire disintegrated mass was sus- pended in 50 c.c. of odorless, dis- tilled water. After thorough agita- tion, this suspension in a closed gas bottle was stored at 37øC. for twenty-four hours. At the ends of periods of incubation, odor values were determined by the air dilution method. During the times requisite for these determinations, the sus- pensions were maintained at 37øC. In view of the fact that several series of preliminary experiments had shown that the maintenance of the absorbent pads in subjects' axillas during sweating tests did not influence significantly the numbers of viable bacteria on the cutaneous