60 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF cosMETIC CHEMISTS • 70 l I I i • •. 60 ß -- I 30 -- 0 • 20 -- o// o o 1o- o I I I 2 4 6 D•YS OF FIRST CONTROL P•RIOD I I I ß •' •0•0• 0 I 2 4 4 6 DAYS OF SECOND TEST PERIOD CONTROL pERIOD Chart VII.--Comparative intensities of metabolic and perspiratory odors deter- mined in perspiration collected during control periods and periods of administration of water-soluble chlorophyllins. I perspira- tory odors, C) metabolic odors. • 70 • 010 1213141516 DAYS OF FIRST CONTROL PERIOD I DAYS OF N TEST PERIOD CONTROL PERIOD Chart VIII.--Comparative intensities of metabolic odors in morning and afternoon samples of urine collected during control periods and periods of administration of water-soluble chlorophyllins. I p.m. samples, ¸ a.m. samples. densities of bacterial populations of skins of the subjects' axillas were maintained at a mean level which was equivalent to 3.0 4- 1.4 per cent of the corresponding level determined during the first control period. Charts VII and VIII are graphic summaries of a series of experiments undertaken for purposes of deter- mining the comparative effects of chlorophyll, administered by mouth, upon perspiratory and metabolic odors of the 15 subjects who par- ticipated in the two preceding in- vestigations. The experimental period was made up of (a) a first control period of six days, (b) a test period of five days, and (c) a second control period of six days. The feeding of asparagus was adopted as a test meal for purposes of producing an easily detectable metabolic odor. The daily dose of asparagus was 186 gm., which was boiled in 100 c.c. of water. After cooling, the vegetable was mixed with the residue of water and mashed thoroughly before con- sumption. The subjects ate the boiled asparagus at about 10 a.m. on each day of the experimental period. The metabolic odor resulting from the consumption of asparagus has been attributed to methyl mer- captan which is an end product of chemical and biological reactions in the large intestines (27). The prin- cipal avenue of elimination of this odorous end product is the urinary tract. Both air-dilution and water-dilu- tion techniques (28) were utilized in measurements of intensities of the metabolic odor of urine which is

TESTING DEODORANTS WITH CHLOROPHYLL AND DERIVATIVES 61 characteristic of ingested asparagus. Results of a series of preliminary experiments had indicated that the maximum intensities of odor in the urine appeared within 4 to 7 hours after consumption of one dose of 186 gm. of asparagus and that the odor became imperceptible at the end of 17 hours. However, the feeding of this quantity of asparagus on two or more consecutive days resulted in cumulative increments in odor of which the intensities were measurable at the ends of periods of 17 or more hours following the in- gestion of the vegetable. On the basis of the results of these preliminary tests, collections of samples of urine were divided into two periods: (a) the first seven hours tollowing consumption of the asparagus and (b) the interval between the time of awakening and 10 a.m. of the following morning. Samples of urine collected during the first of these periods yielded data concerning the immediate effects of the asparagus upon odors in urine and these specimens are identified in the charts as the p.m. samples. On the other hand, the samples collected during the four morning hours (6 a.m. to 10 a.m.) are listed as a.m. samples and odors in these specimens were representa- tive of the persistent effects of the vegetable upon odors in urine. All samples of urine were divided into two aliquots of which one was used for odor measurements by the air-dilution method whereas the other was utilized for determinations of odor by water-dilution procedure. Experimental procedures adopted tk)r stimulation of sweating and for collections of samples of perspira- tion from the bodies of the subjects were the same as those which have been described during discussions of the series of experiments sum- marized in Charts IV and V. Also, the method of determination of capacities of perspiration to develop obnoxious odors was iden- tical with that used in the first series of in-vivo experiments. Throughout the entire experi- mental period, all subjects refrained from washing their skins, except the cutaneous surfaces of their faces, necks, and hands. Also, they dis- continued applications of antiper- spirants and deodorants to any part of their bodies. Chlorophyll was administered daily during the test period as a purified form of "a" and "b" chlorophyllins which had been in- corporated in a moderately sweet lozenge base. The mean weight of each lozenge was 175 mg. Each lozenge contained 15 mg. of a com- bination of 70 per cent chloro- phyllin "a" and 30 per cent chloro- phyllin "b." The total daily dosage was three lozenges which were ad- ministered to the subjects in the laboratory. The first lozenge was administered before the consump- tion of'the asparagus the second lozenge was ingested about 1 p.m. and the third lozenge was taken at about $ p.m. The subjdcts sucked the lozenges until they were disintegrated com- pletely in their mouths. This pro-