490 JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE mouse skin. The permeated amount of TAT-GKH was 36 times greater than that of GKH. It was considered that this result was due to an increase in the partition of GKH to skin by TAT fusion. We had challenged TAT-GKH in mice to obtain an antibody against TAT-GKH, to identify the penetration of TAT-GKH into skin through immunohistochemistry, but it failed to raise the antibody against TAT-GKH in mice. However, there is indirect evidence that TAT (9-polylysine)-SOD (TAT-superoxide dismutase) efficiently pen- etrated into the epidermis as well as the dermis when topically applied to mouse skin, as judged by immunohistochemistry and specific enzyme activities (9). To use TAT-GKH as a cosmetic ingredient, in vivo studies should be performed as well as in vitro studies. However, our results are limited only to in vitro studies and are not always consistent with the results of in vivo studies, since the fat cells were removed from their natural surroundings (22). Therefore, we will further study the measurement of transdermal lipolysis with microdialysis, which can continuously monitor both glycerol and penetration level in subcutaneous adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS The peptide of TAT-GKH with bifunctional effects [skin penetration by TAT (9- polylysine) and lipolysis of GKH] was synthesized for use as a cosmetic ingredient for slimming products. In vitro studies showed the 37.6% and 41.5% lipolytic effects of TAT-GKH in both 3T3-L1 cultured adipocytes and isolated adipocytes from the rat, respectively, without the modifying lipolytic effects of GKH. In addition, TAT-GKH elevated penetration into mouse skin 36 times more effectively than GKH. Our result showed that the small peptide of TAT-GKH induced the lipolytic effects and efficiently increased penetration into mice skin. There was no cytotoxicity in any dose concentra- tion of TAT-GKH. This study suggests that TAT-GKH could be used as a cosmetic ingredient in slimming products. REFERENCES (1) (2) (3) M. Kreilgard, E.J. Pedersen, and J. W. Garoszewski, NMR characterization and transdermal drug delivery potential of microemulsion systems, J. Controlled Release, 69, 421-423 (2000). D. W. Osborne, A. J. Ward, and K. J. O'Neill, Microemulsions as topical drug delivery vehicles. Part 1. Characterization of a model system, Drug. Dev. Ind. Pharm., 14, 1202-1219 (1988). D.W. Osborne, A.J. Ward, and K.J. O'Neill, Microemulsions as topical drug delivery vehicles: In-vitro transdermal studies of a model hydrophilic drug,J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 43, 450-454 (1991). (4) C. Plank, W. Zauner, and E. Wagner, Application of membrane-active peptides for drug and gene delivery across cellular membranes, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 34, 21-35 (1998). (5) A.D. Frankel and C. O. Pabo, Cellular uptake of the TAT protein from human immunodeficiency virus, Cell., 55, 1189-1193 (1988). (6) M. Ma and A. Nath, Molecular determinants for cellular uptake of TAT protein of human immuno- deficiency virus type 1 in brain cells, J. Virology, 71, 2495-2499 (1997). (7) E. Vives, P. Brodin, and B. Lebleu, A truncated HIV-1 TAT protein base domain rapidly translocates through the plasma membrane and accumulates in the cell nucleus,J. Biol. Chem., 272, 16010-16017 (1997). (8) S. Fawell, J. Seery, Y. Daikh, C. Moore, L. L. Chen, B. Pepinsky, and J. Barsoum, TAT-mediated delivery of heterologous proteins into cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 664-668 (1994). (9) J. Park, J. Ryu, L. H. Jin, J. H. Bahn, J. A. Kim, C. S. Yoon, D. W. Kim, K. H. Han, W. S. Eum,

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