SKIN SMOOTHNESS AND SKIN SOFTNESS 107 17- 12- 11- lO i I PRE POST, POST, TRIAL Figure 6. Skin smoothness in three groups tested prior to and following treatment with Lotion (A), Bath Solution (B) or Water (C) Pre and Post 2 was 2.73 (p 0.01), showing that all treatments combined were effec- tive 10 min after treatment. Since Figure 6 demonstrates apparent differential effectiveness of the treatments, we looked for post hoc trends. We compared the changes in smoothness from pre- to post- treatment for all three treatments. The results indicate a strong tendency for the Water and Bath Solution treatments to produce more skin smoothness immediately after treatment than does the Lotion treatment. EXPERIMENT III: EFFECT OF THREE TREATMENTS ON SOFTENING AND SMOOTHING SKIN Subjects Twenty subjects, 6 men, 14 women, aged 18 to 55 were tested. Procedure The glabrous skin of the second phalanx of the index, middle and ring fingers of the preferred hand was selected for treatment and testing. Pretreatment test. The three fingers were randomly used for the three treatments and were tested in random order. In all cases, softness was measured before smoothness. Treatments. The three treatments were: (a) soaking the finger for 5 min in a cup of tepid Bath Solution, (b) soaking another finger for 5 min in the same volume of tepid Water and (c) rubbing a small amount of skin Lotion on the finger. Following 5 min of each treatment, the finger was wiped dry and the excess Lotion removed. Posttreatment tests. The tests were repeated on each finger in the same order: smooth-

108 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS Table V Percentage Increase in Skin Softness After Three Treatments S Age Sex Lotion Water Bath 1 23 M 20 7 24 2 23 M 1 24 22 3 21 F 51 79 22 4 43 F 22 26 32 5 32 F 39 1 13 6 47 F 14 11 34 7 44 F 12 22 4 8 42 F 5 12 6 9 34 F 2 33 38 10 20 M 13 9 19 11 19 F 16 0 0 12 26 M 36 5 18 13 22 F 19 18 48 14 25 M 31 15 26 15 18 F 10 8 8 16 41 M 33 4 19 17 33 F 14 3 -10 18 56 F 6 6 0 19 23 F 13 40 42 20 18 F 33 24 20 Mean 19.5 17.3 19.4 Note: "-" means a decrease in softness. ness then softness. After testing was completed for a finger, the second finger was treated and then tested and finally the third finger was treated and tested. Results.' Experiment III Softness. Softness was measured as a percentage change in degree of indentation. The mean percentage change in softness for each treatment is given in Table V. A Friedman Analysis of Variance was computed to evaluate the relative efficacy of the three treatments (X 2 = 1.68, p 0.05). The mean relative ranks (from 1-3: low to high effectiveness) were 1.78 for Water, 2.18 for Lotion and 2.05 for Bath Solution. In view of the lack of significant differences among the treatments, we computed the number of individuals whose skin was softened, remained the same, or made harder by the treatment. Table VI gives the distribution of subjects and the X 2 for each treat- ment. Table ¾I Distribution of Subjects Whose Skin Softness Changed Alter Each Treatment Softness Treatment Better Same Worse Total X" - 2 df Water 19 1 0 20 34.13 • Lotion 20 0 0 20 39.80 • Bath 17 2 1 20 23.98* *p 0.001.