ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF AGING SKIN 309 atrophic. A noteworthy change is seen in the stratum corneum in that it consists of very closely adherent lamellae forming one densely stained mass. The third slide (Fig. 3) we present in order to show some of the peculiar characteristics of the stratum corneum as we see it in different parts of the body and in persons of different ages. This is just a picture of the skin from the scalp of a woman showing the curious patterns and loose arrange- ment of the lamellae of the stratum corneum in this region. In the next slide (Fig. 4) we see abdominal skin, again of the eighteen-year-old female, at a much higher magnification. Here we see the individual cells and nuclei. Now we notice how the cell outlines are not very sharply demar- cared, we see that the rete pegs are present, and we note the looseness of the lamellae of the cornified layer. In the next slide (Fig. 5) we see at higher magnification again the epidermis of the seventy-six-year-old female subject. Here the cell outlines are very sharply demarcated and the stra- tum corneum is a very dense, closely woven mass. In the next slide, with a somewhat different stain, the iron hematoxylin stain, we see the skin of a thirty-six-year-old male subject (Fig. 6). Note Figure 1.--General view of skin from the abdomen of an 18 year old female subject. The epidermis shows shelf-like extensions downward. Some of the folding probably is due to the shrinkage of the very elastic young skin. The dermis is highly cellular. Magnification X 135. Iron hematoxylin and eosin. Figure 2.--General view of skin from the abdomen of a 76 year old female subject. The lower border of the epL dermis is very smooth. The dermis contains relatively few cells. Iron- hematoxylin and eosin. Magnification X 135. Figure 3.--Skin from the scalp, to show one form in which the stratum comeurn may be found. Here it forms large alveoli or spaces. Iron-hema- toxylin and eosin. Magnification X 540.

310 jOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS j..: .• .•... •,..: ß : • . . ß . '.'4 • i•'.,•:!i'"•': ß • .. , ß - :•g'•g•?•..'." • •: • • -g' •" • •. :' • .• '."' 3 . -. :.. ' : ... .. : .--••:.•'•. :-- . ß 'a,,• .... ß :.:.: '.'-' •:.•.•3•::•. ...:•:,'.. :: ,..•?.:': .... •,•:•' •:• ......:---•. :,•?• •.,..........•. • "• ' ': :•:"-3,7:,:•,, .'e•,:',• , •' .., •' • .?• .' ......•...:--, •:•' •..• •.-• ..• .•q .:• • •.. -..•.•.•-:... Figure •.--Abdominal skin from an 18 year old female subject. A "fete peg" or shelf of epidermis is seen at the center of the field. •asson's stain. •agnification x 5•0. Figure 5.--Abdominal skin from a 7• year old female subject. The lower bound- ary of the epidermis is smooth. Cell out- lines are much more distinct than in the young subject. Massoh's stain. Magnifi- cation X 5•0. Figure 6.--Epidermis from abdomen of a 36 year old male subject. A fairly large number of layers of cells is shown. Iron hematoxylin and eosin. Magnifica- tion X 540. Figure 7.--Epidermis from abdomen of a 76 year old female subject. There are relatively few layers of cells. Iron hema- toxylin and eosin. Magnification X 540. that the cell outlines, while seen in a number of cases, are not very sharply delimited. The stratum corneum is somewhat between the condition seen in the eighteen-year-old and the seventy-six-year-old subject. The follow- ing slide (Fig. 7) shows the seventy-six-year-old female with this same stain. We see the cell outlines more sharply delineated and the dense mass of the stratum corneum. Next with a much higher power for cellular detail, we see the skin of the eighteen-year-old female again (Fig. 8). We notice here that there are different cell types in the epidermis. Besides the ordinary epidermal cells, there are lymphocytes or wandering cells which enter into the epidermis from time to time. We have found these present at all ages and there is some indication that the numbers vary at different ages. Next, in the last slide we see at very high magnification the epidermis of the seventy-six- year-old female subject (Fig. 9). Here we notice how very sharply out-