422 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS Table Villa Concentration, Perceived Intensity, and Sex Attribution--"Solution" Shirts Substance Sol. 2 Women (n = 29) Men (n = 30) Mean • _+ SD n 4 Mean + SD n Mean ___ SD n Mean _+ SD Androstenol 1 3.20 1.33 16 4.98 1.29 13 3.49 1.57 19 3.96 1.46 2 2.95 0.89 20 4.14 1.97 9 3.15 1.42 17 3.65 1.80 3 2.49 1.06 19 3.33 1.55 10 2.83 1.18 18 2.98 1.41 4 2.10 0.94 17 2.35 0.61 12 2.57 0.85 18 2.44 0.85 5 2.34 1.01 20 2.69 1.21 9 2.61 1.02 18 2.85 1.05 III 1 2.73 1.24 13 3.70 1.48 16 3.04 1.44 12 3.65 1.45 2 2.52 1.54 12 3.03 0.62 17 2.78 0.99 15 3.22 1.31 3 2.86 1.04 21 2.75 1.38 8 2.97 1.15 22 3.00 1.49 4 2.32 0.95 21 2.63 1.32 8 2.25 0.70 17 2.56 1.08 5 2.36 0.82 21 2.53 1.10 8 2.52 1.23 21 3.14 1.05 II 1 4.39 1.72 7 5.09 1.87 22 4.30 1.76 11 5.46 1.90 2 2.88 1.45 6 4.69 1.36 23 3.52 1.10 13 4.66 1.74 3 2.87 1.13 11 4.19 1.67 18 2.99 1.50 17 4.00 1.73 4 3.10 1.34 17 3.52 1.20 12 2.78 1.06 19 3.86 1.29 5 2.81 1.42 18 3.14 1.25 11 3.00 1.15 21 3.58 1.21 CPD 1 3.06 1.07 24 3.45 1.56 5 3.44 1.09 23 2.89 1.67 2 2.78 0.90 24 2.10 0.98 5 2.99 1.16 20 3.08 1.26 3 2.28 0.94 24 2.30 0.99 5 2.57 0.96 22 2.84 1.08 4 2.58 0.78 20 2.78 1.09 9 2.83 1.21 19 3.07 1.14 5 2.25 1.13 20 2.73 0.92 9 2.42 1.03 19 2.82 1.07 11 12 12 12 18 15 8 13 9 19 17 13 11 9 7 10 8 11 11 •,2 Compare Table III. 3 •? = shirts attributed to female wearer. d' = shirts attributed to male wearer. 4 n = number of judges in the group giving the sex attribution indicated. ment is significant only with female respondents) and female at low concentrations (3, 4, and 5--but this assignment is significant only with male respondents). Cyc/opentadecano/ide is judged to be female at all concentrations, both by men and by women. Shirts worn by wome, are judged to be female, both by men and by women. Shirts worn by men are judged to be male both by men and by women (Table VillA) SEX ATTRIBUTION, INTENSITY, AND PLEASANTNESS The perceived intensity of any given shirt is higher and the pleasantness rating is lower in those cases where the shirt is attributed to a male wearer than in those where it is attributed to a female wearer. This is true both for female and for male respondents and it holds for the four substances tested at all concentrations. The absolute differences are not great, but with very few exceptions they consistently point in the same direction (Table X). For the T-shirts actually worn, the test design enables us only to test the correlation between sex attribution and intensity. Here the pattern (higher perceived

HUMAN BODY ODOR 423 Table VIilb Concentration, Perceived Intensity, and Sex Attribution--"Body" Shirts Women Men Women's shirts Mean + SD n Mean + SD n Mean + SD n Mean + SD n Shirt 1 2.00 1.00 11 2.00 1.00 3 2.33 .65 12 2.67 1.53 3 2 2.60 1.34 5 2.89 1.36 9 2.88 .64 8 3.14 1.86 7 3 5.33 2.08 3 5.64 1.36 11 5.50 1.4l 8 6.29 .95 7 4 2.11 .78 9 1.80 .45 5 1.80 .84 5 2.80 1.48 10 5 3.00 1.63 10 3.00 1.16 4 3.82 1.66 11 2.50 1.29 4 16 3.00 1.68 13 3.50 2.12 2 3.22 1.30 9 3.50 2.26 6 17 3.50 1.65 10 4.60 1.34 5 2.71 .95 7 4.63 1.77 8 18 3.67 .52 6 3.33 2.00 9 3.13 2.30 8 2.86 1.22 7 19 3.00 1.34 11 3.25 1.89 4 3.10 1.29 10 3.60 2.07 5 20 2.11 1.05 9 3.17 1.60 6 2.22 1.20 9 3.50 2.51 6 Men's shirts Shirt 1 3.00 1.41 5 3.44 1.42 9 3.13 1.36 8 3.43 1.51 7 2 3.78 1.30 9 4.00 1.41 5 3.60 1.14 5 3.60 1.71 10 3 4.00 0 2 5.08 1.62 12 2.00 0 1 5.07 1.49 14 4 3.50 .71 2 5.39 1.37 12 4.60 1.14 5 5.20 1.62 10 5 5.00 2.83 2 3.25 1.49 12 4.50 1.73 4 4.36 2.01 11 16 1.20 1.10 5 2.60 1.58 10 2.25 1.17 8 1.71 .76 7 17 3.40 1.14 5 5.00 1.63 10 3.40 1.67 5 4.00 1.63 10 18 1.00 1.00 3 2.92 1.24 12 2.57 .98 7 2.38 1.06 8 19 2.25 1.28 8 2.86 1.35 9 2.43 1.62 7 2.88 1.64 8 20 3.00 .02 4 3.55 2.02 11 3.71 1.80 7 3.25 1.83 8 Shirts 6 15, both men's and women's, had not been rated for sex attribution. intensity goes with male attribution) holds for female but not significantly for male respondents. DISCUSSION CONCENTRATION AND PERCEIVED INTENSITY The decrease of perceived intensity with increasing dilution is amazingly slight. With substance II, where it is most pronounced, it amounts to 1.92 scale points on a 9-point scale for a dilution factor of 256. With androstenol and cyclopentadecanolide, a dilu- tion factor of 2401 leads to a decrease in perceived intensity of only 1.25 and 0.79 scale points respectively (Table III). In the face of such slight responses to major dilution steps, one may be led to wonder whether the respondents really smell something or whether many of them were just guessing--a doubt which is particularly pertinent in view of published reports about the high incidence of anosmia to androstenol (8), in view, moreover, of the observation, commonly known to perfumers, that many people are very insensitive to macrocyclic musks, and in view of the massive task demanded of