358 JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE effects on TEWL due to sweating, the volunteers were treated with an antiperspirant product. Prior to testing, the volunteers were asked to apply the antiperspirant product. TEWL measurements were made in a climate-controlled room with conditions of 20°- 250C under 50 ± 5% relative humidity. The volunteers spent 20 min of the equilibra­ tion period in the room, relaxing in a prone position with their hands behind their heads, exposing their underarms to the air. The TEWL was measured using a Vapometer (Delfin Technologies Ltd.). TEWL measurements were recorded sequentially at the site of application prior to treatment. These initial measurements served as pretreatment control values. Subse­ quently, 20 µl of sample was applied over a 4-cm2 area of the volar forearm (2 x 2 cm), followed by measurements at regular intervals for six hours. CYTOTOXICITY ASSAY A Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) (Dojindo Molecular Technologies, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD) was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of Ulmus davidiana root extract. Five thousand cells (human fibroblast cells) were seeded on a 96-well plate with DMEM + 10% FBS and incubated at 3 7 ° C and humidified with 5% CO 2 until confluency reached ~ 70%. 0 5 2 5 10 15 Retention time (min) 20 Figure 1. Liquid chromatogram of the hydrolysis products of Ulnzus davidiana root extract. Conditions: CarboPac PAl column, PED2 with integrated amperometry detector eluenr: 16 mM NaOH flow rate: 1.0 ml/min. (1) fucose, (2) rhamnose, (3) galactosamine, (4) glucosamine, (5) galactose, and (6) glucose. Table I Constituents of Polysaccharide of U Imus davidiana Root Extract Constituent Rhamnose Galactose Glucose Fucose Galactosamine Glucosamine Content (wt%) 57.37 35.50 4.98 1.13 0.55 0.48

(a) C a � L.. a m 100 80 60 40 20 0 U. DA VI DIANA EXTRACTS IN COSMETICS c:::J Water Ulmus extract Hyaluronic acid 1,3-Buthylene glycol 20 40 60 80 100 Time (hr) 359 120 (b) 70 ....-----------------------, C a m L.. 60 40 0 30 a. m W 20 10 0 c:=i Water Ulmus extract Hyaluronic acid 1, 3-Buthylene glycol 20 40 60 80 100 120 Time (hr) Figure 2. Water loss profile of U Imus davidiana root extract as a function of time in a desiccator at 15 % RH (a) and at 55% RH (b). The data are expressed as mean values (± standard deviations) of three experiments.