364 JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE DX-300 (Dionex, Sunnyvale, CA) column: CarboPac PAI (4.5 x 250 mm, Dionex, Sunnyvale, CA) eluent: 16 mM NaOH flow rate: 1.0 ml/min) (Figure 1). Constituents of U Imus davidiana root extract are shown in Table I. The main components of the polysaccharide extracts from U Imus davidiana are rhamnose, galactose, glucose, fucose, galactosamine, and glucosamine. The content of rhamnose and galactose is above 90% against the total hydrolyzed monosaccharides. MOISTURIZING EFFECT To confirm the moisturizing effect of polysaccharide extracts from U Imus davidiana, we measured the water loss profile in a desiccator and measured the moisture content with a Corneometer CM820 and TEWL. The water loss profile of U !mus davidiana root extract (1.0% aqueous solurion) in a desiccator was compared with those of distilled water, sodium hyaluronate (1.0% aqueous solution), and 1, 3-burylene glycol (1.0% aqueous solution). The results of the experiments in which the extract was used alone are shown in Figure 2, where U Imus davidiana root extract shows a better moisturizing effect than that of hyaluronic acid. Polysaccharide extracts from U Imus davidiana also show a strong moisturizing effect. In the case of the skin hydration test that measures the moisture content using a Corneometer CM820, it is difficult to measure moisture content for several hours because the rate of evaporation is fast. The result of the measurement of skin hydration for 20 min is shown in Figure 3. The statistical analysis reveals a 350 300 - E 250 -- 200 Q) UJ m Q) 150 Q) co 100 50 0 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Figure 7. Inhibitory activity of H2O2-activated release of 11-8 in normal human fibroblast ce11 1ines: (a) negative control (b) positive control (c) 0.0025% (d) 0.025% (e) 0.05% (f) 0.25%. The negative control and the positive control were H2O2-untreated ce11s and H2O2-treated ce11s in the absence of Ulmus davidiana root extract, respectively.

U. DA VIDIANA EXTRACTS IN COSMETICS 365 significant increase (p 0.05) in skin hydration on the skin when U Imus davidiana root extract and hyaluronic acid were applied than when water was applied. The TEWl results of U Imus davidiana root extract applied on the skin are also compared with those of 1 % hyaluronic acid and water, but there is not a significant difference (p 0.05, data not shown). U Imus davidiana root extract demonstrates a better moisturizing effect than hyaluronic acid. CELL VIABILITY To evaluate the cytotoxic1ty of U Imus davidiana root extract in vitro, samples were prepared at various concentrations ranging from 0.1 % to 3%. A Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of U !mus davidiana root extract, as shown in Figure 4. U Imus davidiana root extract showed slight stimulation of proliferation at a concentration of 1 % and showed negligible cyroroxicities at other concentrations (up to 3% concentration). ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT In an assay for inhibition of the H 2 Oractivated release of PGE2, 11-6, and 11-8 in normal human fibroblast cell lines, U Imus davidiana root extract showed a dose­ dependent inhibition of the PGE2 release (up to 85.9% at a concentration of 0.1%) 120 100 .-. � 80 0 .._. ..c 60 m Q) 40 t) 20 0 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Figure 8. Recovery of photo-induced damage after UVA-induced photodamage (3 J/cm2): (a) negative control (b) positive control (c) UVA + 0.5% (d) UVA + 1.0% (e) UVA + 2.0% (f) UVA + 3.0%. The negative control was cells in the absence of both V Imus davidiana root extract and UV A irradiation, and the positive control was UVA-damaged cells in the absence of V Imus davidiana root extract.