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J. Cosmet. Sci., 58, 505-517 (September/October 2007) The inhibitory effect of the components of Cornus officinalis on melanogenesis YASUHIKO NA WA, JUNKO ENDO, and TOMIHISA OHTA, Research & Development, Ichimaru Pharcos Co., Ltd., 318-1, Asagi, Motosu, Gifu 501-0475 (Y.N.), and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences! Kanazawa University! Kakuma! Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0934 (Y.N., J.E.! T.O.)! ]apan. Accepted for publication May 22, 2007. Synopsis Five known compounds were isolated from a Cornus officinalis 50% ethanol extract (C. ojficinalis extract) and a hot water extract. We investigated the photochemical and pharmacological active compounds of C. officinalis hot water extract and ethanol extract. We understood that C. officinalis is a medicinal plant with potent free-radical-scavenging activity not only against reactive oxygen species (H202, superoxiside anion, hydroxyl radical, etc.) in a narrow sense, but also against many other free radicals (peroxynitrate, peroxyradi­ cal). It is estimated that the reduction effect with C. officinalis extract can block oxidative reaction on melanogenesis. Loganin and cornuside, the components in C. ojficinalis, showed a significant free-radical­ scavenging activity and inhibitory effects on melanogenesis. We report to prove the inhibitory effect of DVB-induced pigmentation in C. officinalis extract through its radical scavenging activity. INTRODUCTION Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. Cornaceae, which is commonly called Japanese cornel, is widely distributed in China and Korea. This plant produces light yellow flowers in early spring and bears cherry-like fruits in the autumn. The fruit, without the seed, is called sanshuyu, and has been used for at least 2,000 years in Chinese herbal medicine. It is used principally to reduce unusually active secretions, including copious sweating and excessive urine, and to "warm up and invigorate the yang of the loins." It is known that Cornus of/icinalis hot water extract has an antibacterial action, inhibiting the growth of Bacillus dysenteriae and Staphylococcus (1) and shows anti-histamine and anti­ acetylcholine activity in the small intestine of the guinea pig (2). Sanshuyu liqueur made from its fruit has been traditionally used as a nutritional drink. Further, its anti-diabetes effects and immunological enhancements have also been recognized by traditional medi­ cine. Identified as components in this natural medicine are iridoid-type monoterpene glycosides (3), morroniside (4), loganin, sweroside, tannins (5), and organic acids (tar­ taric acid, malic acid, and gallic acid). Tannins such as epigallocatechin and the deriva­ tives that are contained in green tea or tea are known to have an antioxidative effect and an astringent action, and are applied to cosmetic materials. Swertiamarin, an iridoid­ type monoterpene glycoside, is a bitter component in Swertia japonica, and is shown to 505