550 JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE
(20) Kortright KE, Chan BK, Koff JL, Turner PE. Phage therapy: A renewed approach to combat antibiotic-
resistant bacteria. Cell Host Microbe. 2019 25(2):219–232. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2019.01.014
(21) Letarov AV. History of early bacteriophage research and emergence of key concepts in virology.
Biochemistry (Mosc). 2020 85(9):1093–1010. doi:10.1134/S0006297920090096
(22) Lin DM, Koskella B, Lin HC. Phage therapy: an alternative to antibiotics in the age of multi-drug
resistance. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. 2017 8(3):162–173. doi:10.4292/wjgpt.v8.i3.162
(23) Bertozzi Silva J, Storms Z, Sauvageau D, hosts. Host receptors for bacteriophage adsorption. FEMS
Microbiol Lett. 2016 363(4). doi:10.1093/femsle/fnw002
(24) Ge H, Hu M, Zhao G, et al. The ‘fighting wisdom and bravery’ of tailed phage and host in the process
of adsorption. Microbiol Res. 2020 230:126344. doi:10.1016/j.micres.2019.126344
(25) Sharma S, Chatterjee S, Datta S, et al. Bacteriophages and its applications: an overview. Folia Microbiol
(Praha). 2017 62(1):17–55. doi:10.1007/s12223-016-0471-x
(26) Clokie MR, Millard AD, Letarov AV, Heaphy S. Phages in nature. Bacteriophage. 2011 1(1):31–45.
doi:10.4161/bact.1.1.14942
(27) Hatfull GF, Hendrix RW. Bacteriophages and their genomes. Curr Opin Virol. 2011 1(4):298–303.
doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2011.06.009
(28) Suttle CA. Viruses in the sea. Nature. 2005 437(7057):356–361. doi:10.1038/nature04160
(29) Aswani VH, Shukla SK. An early history of phage therapy in the United States: is it time to reconsider?
Clin Med Res. 2021 19(2):82–89. doi:10.3121/cmr.2021.1605
(30) Marongiu L, Burkard M, Lauer UM, Hoelzle LE, Venturelli S. Reassessment of historical clinical trials supports
the effectiveness of phage therapy. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2022 35(4):e0006222. doi:10.1128/cmr.00062-22
(31) Sulakvelidze A, Alavidze Z, Morris JG Jr. Bacteriophage therapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.
2001 45(3):649–659. doi:10.1128/AAC.45.3.649-659.2001
(32) Abedon ST, Kuhl SJ, Blasdel BG, Kutter EM. Phage treatment of human infections. Bacteriophage.
2011 1(2):66–85. doi:10.4161/bact.1.2.15845
(33) d’Herelle F. Bacteriophage as a treatment in acute medical and surgical infections. Bull N Y Acad Med.
1931 7(5):329-348.
(34) Fathima B, Archer AC. Bacteriophage therapy: recent developments and applications of a renaissant
weapon. Res Microbiol. 2021 172(6):103863. doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2021.103863
(35) Hannigan GD, Meisel JS, Tyldsley AS, et al. The human skin double-stranded DNA virome: topographical
and temporal diversity, genetic enrichment, and dynamic associations with the host microbiome. mBio.
2015 6(5):e01578-e01515. doi:10.1128/mBio.01578-15
(36) Oh J, Byrd AL, Deming C, et al. Biogeography and individuality shape function in the human skin
metagenome. Nature. 2014 514(7520):59–64. doi:10.1038/nature13786
(37) Wang H, Chan HH, Ni MY, Lam WW, Chan WMM, Pang H. Bacteriophage of the skin microbiome
in patients with psoriasis and healthy family controls. J Invest Dermatol. 2020 140(1):182-190.e5.
doi:10.1016/j.jid.2019.05.023
(38) Wielscher M, Pfisterer K, Samardzic D, et al. The phageome in normal and inflamed human skin. Sci
Adv. 2023 9(39):eadg4015. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adg4015
(39) Natarelli N, Gahoonia N, Sivamani RK. Bacteriophages and the microbiome in dermatology: the role of
the phageome and a potential therapeutic strategy. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 24(3). doi:10.3390/ijms24032695
(40) Brown TL, Petrovski S, Dyson ZA, Seviour R, Tucci J. The formulation of bacteriophage in a semi
solid preparation for control of Propionibacterium acnes growth. PLOS ONE. 2016 11(3):e0151184.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151184
(41) Marinelli LJ, Fitz-Gibbon S, Hayes C, et al. Propionibacterium acnes bacteriophages display limited
genetic diversity and broad killing activity against bacterial skin isolates. mBio. 2012 3(5). doi:10.1128/
mBio.00279-12
(42) Rimon A, Rakov C, Lerer V, et al. Topical phage therapy in a mouse model of Cutibacterium acnes-
induced acne-like lesions. Nat Commun. 2023 14(1):1005. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-36694-8
(20) Kortright KE, Chan BK, Koff JL, Turner PE. Phage therapy: A renewed approach to combat antibiotic-
resistant bacteria. Cell Host Microbe. 2019 25(2):219–232. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2019.01.014
(21) Letarov AV. History of early bacteriophage research and emergence of key concepts in virology.
Biochemistry (Mosc). 2020 85(9):1093–1010. doi:10.1134/S0006297920090096
(22) Lin DM, Koskella B, Lin HC. Phage therapy: an alternative to antibiotics in the age of multi-drug
resistance. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. 2017 8(3):162–173. doi:10.4292/wjgpt.v8.i3.162
(23) Bertozzi Silva J, Storms Z, Sauvageau D, hosts. Host receptors for bacteriophage adsorption. FEMS
Microbiol Lett. 2016 363(4). doi:10.1093/femsle/fnw002
(24) Ge H, Hu M, Zhao G, et al. The ‘fighting wisdom and bravery’ of tailed phage and host in the process
of adsorption. Microbiol Res. 2020 230:126344. doi:10.1016/j.micres.2019.126344
(25) Sharma S, Chatterjee S, Datta S, et al. Bacteriophages and its applications: an overview. Folia Microbiol
(Praha). 2017 62(1):17–55. doi:10.1007/s12223-016-0471-x
(26) Clokie MR, Millard AD, Letarov AV, Heaphy S. Phages in nature. Bacteriophage. 2011 1(1):31–45.
doi:10.4161/bact.1.1.14942
(27) Hatfull GF, Hendrix RW. Bacteriophages and their genomes. Curr Opin Virol. 2011 1(4):298–303.
doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2011.06.009
(28) Suttle CA. Viruses in the sea. Nature. 2005 437(7057):356–361. doi:10.1038/nature04160
(29) Aswani VH, Shukla SK. An early history of phage therapy in the United States: is it time to reconsider?
Clin Med Res. 2021 19(2):82–89. doi:10.3121/cmr.2021.1605
(30) Marongiu L, Burkard M, Lauer UM, Hoelzle LE, Venturelli S. Reassessment of historical clinical trials supports
the effectiveness of phage therapy. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2022 35(4):e0006222. doi:10.1128/cmr.00062-22
(31) Sulakvelidze A, Alavidze Z, Morris JG Jr. Bacteriophage therapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.
2001 45(3):649–659. doi:10.1128/AAC.45.3.649-659.2001
(32) Abedon ST, Kuhl SJ, Blasdel BG, Kutter EM. Phage treatment of human infections. Bacteriophage.
2011 1(2):66–85. doi:10.4161/bact.1.2.15845
(33) d’Herelle F. Bacteriophage as a treatment in acute medical and surgical infections. Bull N Y Acad Med.
1931 7(5):329-348.
(34) Fathima B, Archer AC. Bacteriophage therapy: recent developments and applications of a renaissant
weapon. Res Microbiol. 2021 172(6):103863. doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2021.103863
(35) Hannigan GD, Meisel JS, Tyldsley AS, et al. The human skin double-stranded DNA virome: topographical
and temporal diversity, genetic enrichment, and dynamic associations with the host microbiome. mBio.
2015 6(5):e01578-e01515. doi:10.1128/mBio.01578-15
(36) Oh J, Byrd AL, Deming C, et al. Biogeography and individuality shape function in the human skin
metagenome. Nature. 2014 514(7520):59–64. doi:10.1038/nature13786
(37) Wang H, Chan HH, Ni MY, Lam WW, Chan WMM, Pang H. Bacteriophage of the skin microbiome
in patients with psoriasis and healthy family controls. J Invest Dermatol. 2020 140(1):182-190.e5.
doi:10.1016/j.jid.2019.05.023
(38) Wielscher M, Pfisterer K, Samardzic D, et al. The phageome in normal and inflamed human skin. Sci
Adv. 2023 9(39):eadg4015. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adg4015
(39) Natarelli N, Gahoonia N, Sivamani RK. Bacteriophages and the microbiome in dermatology: the role of
the phageome and a potential therapeutic strategy. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 24(3). doi:10.3390/ijms24032695
(40) Brown TL, Petrovski S, Dyson ZA, Seviour R, Tucci J. The formulation of bacteriophage in a semi
solid preparation for control of Propionibacterium acnes growth. PLOS ONE. 2016 11(3):e0151184.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151184
(41) Marinelli LJ, Fitz-Gibbon S, Hayes C, et al. Propionibacterium acnes bacteriophages display limited
genetic diversity and broad killing activity against bacterial skin isolates. mBio. 2012 3(5). doi:10.1128/
mBio.00279-12
(42) Rimon A, Rakov C, Lerer V, et al. Topical phage therapy in a mouse model of Cutibacterium acnes-
induced acne-like lesions. Nat Commun. 2023 14(1):1005. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-36694-8











































































































































