551 Modern Skincare
(43) Huon J-F, Montassier E, Leroy A-G, et al. Phages versus antibiotics to Treat Infected Diabetic Wounds
in a Mouse Model: a Microbiological and Microbiotic Evaluation. mSystems. 2020 5(6). doi:10.1128/
mSystems.00542-20
(44) Kifelew LG, Warner MS, Morales S, et al. Efficacy of lytic phage cocktails on Staphylococcus aureus
and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mixed-species planktonic cultures and biofilms. Viruses. 2020 12(5).
doi:10.3390/v12050559
(45) Kifelew LG, Warner MS, Morales S, et al. Efficacy of phage cocktail AB-SA01 therapy in diabetic mouse
wound infections caused by multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. BMC Microbiol. 2020 20(1):204.
doi:10.1186/s12866-020-01891-8
(46) Brzin B. Studies on the Corynebacterium acnes. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand. 1964 60:599–608.
doi:10.1111/apm.1964.60.4.599
(47) Brandwein M, Steinberg D, Meshner S. Microbial biofilms and the human skin microbiome. NPJ Biofilms
Microbiomes. 2016 2:3. doi:10.1038/s41522-016-0004-z
(48) Coenye T, Spittaels K-J, Achermann Y. The role of biofilm formation in the pathogenesis and antimicrobial
susceptibility of Cutibacterium acnes. Biofilm. 2022 4:100063. doi:10.1016/j.bioflm.2021.100063
(49) Holmberg A, Lood R, Mörgelin M, et al. Biofilm formation by Propionibacterium acnes is a characteristic
of invasive isolates. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2009 15(8):787–795. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02747.x
(50) Mayslich C, Grange PA, Dupin N. Cutibacterium acnes as an Opportunistic Pathogen: an Update of Its
Virulence-Associated Factors. Microorganisms. 2021 9(2). doi:10.3390/microorganisms9020303
(51) Talapko J, Škrlec I. The principles, mechanisms, and benefits of unconventional agents in the treatment
of biofilm infection. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2020 13(10). doi:10.3390/ph13100299
(52) Liu S, Lu H, Zhang S, Shi Y, Chen Q. Phages against pathogenic bacterial biofilms and biofilm-based
infections: a review. Pharmaceutics. 2022 14(2). doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14020427
(53) Maszewska A, Zygmunt M, Grzejdziak I, Różalski A. Use of polyvalent bacteriophages to combat
biofilm of Proteus mirabilis causing catheter-associated urinary tract infections. J Appl Microbiol.
2018 125(5):1253–1265. doi:10.1111/jam.14026
(54) Iinuma K, Sato T, Akimoto N, et al. Involvement of Propionibacterium acnes in the augmentation of
lipogenesis in hamster sebaceous glands in vivo and in vitro. J Invest Dermatol. 2009 129(9):2113–2119.
doi:10.1038/jid.2009.46
(55) Kurokawa I, Danby FW, Ju Q, et al. New developments in our understanding of acne pathogenesis and
treatment. Exp Dermatol. 2009 18(10):821–832. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00890.x
(56) Beylot C, Auffret N, Poli F, et al. Propionibacterium acnes: an update on its role in the pathogenesis of
acne. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2014 28(3):271–278. doi:10.1111/jdv.12224
(57) Ganceviciene R, Graziene V, Fimmel S, Zouboulis CC. Involvement of the corticotropin-releasing
hormone system in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. Br J Dermatol. 2009 160(2):345–352.
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08959.x
(58) Schaller M, Loewenstein M, Borelli C, et al. Induction of a chemoattractive proinflammatory cytokine
response after stimulation of keratinocytes with Propionibacterium acnes and coproporphyrin III. Br J
Dermatol. 2005 153(1):66–71. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06530.x
(59) Borelli C, Merk K, Schaller M, et al. In vivo porphyrin production by P acnes in untreated acne patients and
its modulation by acne treatment. Acta Derm Venereol. 2006 86(4):316–319. doi:10.2340/00015555-0088
(60) Woese CR, Kandler O, Wheelis ML. Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains
archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 87(12):4576–4579. doi:10.1073/
pnas.87.12.4576
(61) Patel JB. 6S rRNA gene sequencing for bacterial pathogen identification in the clinical laboratory. Mol
Diagn. 2001 6(4):313–321. doi:10.1054/modi.2001.29158
(62) Huff WE, Huff GR, Rath NC, Balog JM, Donoghue AM. Alternatives to antibiotics: utilization of
bacteriophage to treat colibacillosis and prevent foodborne pathogens. Poult Sci. 2005 84(4):655–659.
doi:10.1093/ps/84.4.655
(43) Huon J-F, Montassier E, Leroy A-G, et al. Phages versus antibiotics to Treat Infected Diabetic Wounds
in a Mouse Model: a Microbiological and Microbiotic Evaluation. mSystems. 2020 5(6). doi:10.1128/
mSystems.00542-20
(44) Kifelew LG, Warner MS, Morales S, et al. Efficacy of lytic phage cocktails on Staphylococcus aureus
and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mixed-species planktonic cultures and biofilms. Viruses. 2020 12(5).
doi:10.3390/v12050559
(45) Kifelew LG, Warner MS, Morales S, et al. Efficacy of phage cocktail AB-SA01 therapy in diabetic mouse
wound infections caused by multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. BMC Microbiol. 2020 20(1):204.
doi:10.1186/s12866-020-01891-8
(46) Brzin B. Studies on the Corynebacterium acnes. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand. 1964 60:599–608.
doi:10.1111/apm.1964.60.4.599
(47) Brandwein M, Steinberg D, Meshner S. Microbial biofilms and the human skin microbiome. NPJ Biofilms
Microbiomes. 2016 2:3. doi:10.1038/s41522-016-0004-z
(48) Coenye T, Spittaels K-J, Achermann Y. The role of biofilm formation in the pathogenesis and antimicrobial
susceptibility of Cutibacterium acnes. Biofilm. 2022 4:100063. doi:10.1016/j.bioflm.2021.100063
(49) Holmberg A, Lood R, Mörgelin M, et al. Biofilm formation by Propionibacterium acnes is a characteristic
of invasive isolates. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2009 15(8):787–795. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02747.x
(50) Mayslich C, Grange PA, Dupin N. Cutibacterium acnes as an Opportunistic Pathogen: an Update of Its
Virulence-Associated Factors. Microorganisms. 2021 9(2). doi:10.3390/microorganisms9020303
(51) Talapko J, Škrlec I. The principles, mechanisms, and benefits of unconventional agents in the treatment
of biofilm infection. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2020 13(10). doi:10.3390/ph13100299
(52) Liu S, Lu H, Zhang S, Shi Y, Chen Q. Phages against pathogenic bacterial biofilms and biofilm-based
infections: a review. Pharmaceutics. 2022 14(2). doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14020427
(53) Maszewska A, Zygmunt M, Grzejdziak I, Różalski A. Use of polyvalent bacteriophages to combat
biofilm of Proteus mirabilis causing catheter-associated urinary tract infections. J Appl Microbiol.
2018 125(5):1253–1265. doi:10.1111/jam.14026
(54) Iinuma K, Sato T, Akimoto N, et al. Involvement of Propionibacterium acnes in the augmentation of
lipogenesis in hamster sebaceous glands in vivo and in vitro. J Invest Dermatol. 2009 129(9):2113–2119.
doi:10.1038/jid.2009.46
(55) Kurokawa I, Danby FW, Ju Q, et al. New developments in our understanding of acne pathogenesis and
treatment. Exp Dermatol. 2009 18(10):821–832. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00890.x
(56) Beylot C, Auffret N, Poli F, et al. Propionibacterium acnes: an update on its role in the pathogenesis of
acne. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2014 28(3):271–278. doi:10.1111/jdv.12224
(57) Ganceviciene R, Graziene V, Fimmel S, Zouboulis CC. Involvement of the corticotropin-releasing
hormone system in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. Br J Dermatol. 2009 160(2):345–352.
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08959.x
(58) Schaller M, Loewenstein M, Borelli C, et al. Induction of a chemoattractive proinflammatory cytokine
response after stimulation of keratinocytes with Propionibacterium acnes and coproporphyrin III. Br J
Dermatol. 2005 153(1):66–71. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06530.x
(59) Borelli C, Merk K, Schaller M, et al. In vivo porphyrin production by P acnes in untreated acne patients and
its modulation by acne treatment. Acta Derm Venereol. 2006 86(4):316–319. doi:10.2340/00015555-0088
(60) Woese CR, Kandler O, Wheelis ML. Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains
archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 87(12):4576–4579. doi:10.1073/
pnas.87.12.4576
(61) Patel JB. 6S rRNA gene sequencing for bacterial pathogen identification in the clinical laboratory. Mol
Diagn. 2001 6(4):313–321. doi:10.1054/modi.2001.29158
(62) Huff WE, Huff GR, Rath NC, Balog JM, Donoghue AM. Alternatives to antibiotics: utilization of
bacteriophage to treat colibacillosis and prevent foodborne pathogens. Poult Sci. 2005 84(4):655–659.
doi:10.1093/ps/84.4.655
