436 JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE for at least 15 minutes. The dermatologist/investigator then evaluated the subjects using a 0-to-6 scale for scaling, crusting, erythema, lichenification, roughness, and excoriation. Subjects completed a self-evaluation questionnaire at initial baseline measurement, and then again between 15 and 30 minutes after the first product application, and at six hours, one day, one week, and two weeks. They evaluated the contralateral sites for skin softness, smoothness, moisturization, itching, dryness (look and feel), roughness, and irritation. Skicon® 200 conductance meter (with an MT probe) and trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) measurements were taken from the contralateral target sites at baseline, one day, one week, and two weeks. Statistics. Biophysical measurements were analyzed using parametric statistics. The der­ matologist-scored measurements and the panelists' self-assessments were analyzed using non-parametric statistics. When the effects of using a product regimen were assessed, comparisons were made with initial baseline measurements using a Wilcoxon matched-pair rank-sum test for derma­ tologist assessments and self-assessments. Significance was set at p ::::::: 0.05. The paired t-test was used for biophysical measures. Comparable between-groups statistics were used to compare the effects of treatment regimens GR and LG during the study. RESULTS BENEFIT: ALLEVIATION OF DRYNESS-MINI-REGRESSION TEST Four skin lotions were evaluated to discern their effectiveness at alleviating the signs of skin dryness and to determine their capacity to preclude its return. Skin hydration (conductance) and desquamation index (DI) measurements provided primary measures of efficacy. Visual evaluations of scaling and assessment of skin-surface corneocyte integrity (color readings of stained D-Squames® patches) provided secondary measures of efficacy. Through the DI evaluation of skin flaking, a primary measure of efficacy, it was found that test product GR was significantly more effective than the other products (B, W, and H) and the untreated control in reducing skin dryness on Day 4 and in preventing its return by Day 7 (Figure la). Lotion B was more effective than the untreated control and lotions H and W at reducing skin flaking. The effects of Lotions H and W could not be differentiated from the "no product" control. Measurements of skin hydration using the Skicon® 200 conductance meter showed that test products GR, W, and B significantly increased skin hydration compared to the "no product" control, whereas lotion H was not effective by this parameter. Between­ treatment analysis showed that lotion GR significantly improved skin hydration com­ pared with the other test products (B, W, and H) and the untreated control site on Days 4 and 7 (p 0.001) (Figure lb). Analysis of the stained D-Squames® patches, a secondary measure of efficacy, showed that there was an overall significant difference (p=0.0001). Subsequent analysis showed that lotion GR was significantly more effective at removing damaged surface corneocytes than the other products or no treatment at all (Figure le).

ftl --;- e.-= )C - G) "C ,n -= 1 C E .2 g 'S E a, m m :::s C 0" ftl u, .c G) C,) Improvement Q a Improvement b 10 0 -5 -10 -15 MOISTURIZER EFFICACY 437 Ability of Lotions to Reduce Skin Flaking as Determined as Desquamation Index in a Mini Regression Test Baselin Day7 Evaluation -+-Lotion H -Lotion GR • Lotion B - -- Lotion W --:. - No Product Ability of Lotions to Increase Skin Hydration as Determined by Conductance in a Mini Regression Test 120 �--- - ------- - -----� Baseline Day4 Day7 -20 �---------------------' Evaluation -+-Lotion H ---Lotion GR - - -• -Lotion B ---Lotion W - -:11- - No Product Figure 1. Alleviation of skin dryness. The ability of lotions to moisturize the skin as measured by a mini-regression test. The skin parameters assessed were: (a) Desquamation index as a measure of skin scaling. (6) Conductance as a measure of skin hydration. (c) Squamometry as a measure of surface corneocyte integrity. (d) Dryness assessed by a trained observer. (Figure continued on following page.) Figure ld shows the dryness scores as assessed by a trained observer. Here treatment with lotion GR significantly reduced observable scaling (when compared to the "no product" site) on Day 4. This benefit was maintained on Day 7 after treatment ceased. BENEFIT: PREVENTION OF DRYNESS-HAND-WASH TEST At all time measurements, product GR showed a significantly greater ability to hydrate