331 THE STATE OF SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES
future directions for the Cosmetics and Personal Care Products industry as it embraces
sustainability. In this editorial, I have attempted to briefly summarize the contributions
of each of the authors to provide an entry-point introduction to the topics and, hopefully,
demonstrate that this diverse range of topics are juxtaposed into a holistic, interconnected
wide-ranging topic.
EDITORIAL OVERVIEW
INTRODUCTION TO SUSTAINABILITY AT THE PERSONAL LEVEL
Sustainability at the personal level has deep historical roots, particularly in the evolution
of personal care products since the 19th century. Intrinsically tied to hygiene, personal
sustainability has been a driver for health maintenance practices that benefit both
individuals and their communities. This shift was not only a technological but also a
cultural revolution, redefining societal norms around cleanliness, hygiene, and decency.
Living in single-roomed homes with no
bathroom, the act of washing one’s body
involved confrong415ng the taboo that arose from
the percepg415on that nakedness was indecent.
Consequently, bodily washing was avoided,
and dirt prevailed over hygiene.
In the 19th century, the lack of modern plumbing in homes discouraged regular bathing
and hygiene. The absence of private bathrooms further exacerbated this issue, creating
a societal clash between the need for hygiene and the prevailing moral attitudes about
modesty.1 Public attitudes equated dirt and body odor with virtue, relegating bathing
to infrequent, superficial practices.2 The redefinition of “clean” and “dirty” began to take
hold only after Louis Pasteur’s discovery of microorganisms as vectors of disease, gradually
leading to the acceptance of modern hygiene practices.
Initially, cleanliness was more about appearances—clean clothes, changeable collars, and
the use of perfumes to mask body odor. However, cosmetic companies began playing a
pivotal role in transforming the public perception of hygiene. By linking cleanliness to
beauty and social acceptability, they sidestepped the cultural contention between hygiene
and morality. Notably, Pears Soap’s use of actress Lillie Langtry in 1882 as an endorser
tied cleanliness to elegance and decency, paving the way for broader acceptance of personal
hygiene.
This trend continued with the introduction of products like Lifebuoy soap in 1895,
marketed not only as a household hygiene product but also as a tool to combat diseases
like cholera.3 Over time, formulations improved to address safety concerns, such as the
332 JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE
removal of carbolic acid in response to warnings from health authorities.4 The innovation
and foresight of companies in the personal care industry played an instrumental role in
making hygiene accessible and appealing to the public.
The 20th century witnessed the continuation of this hygiene revolution, with companies
like Monsavon educating consumers on the importance of healthy skin as part of overall
well-being. Post-World War II economic reconstruction further advanced hygiene standards.
By the 1970s, modern amenities like indoor plumbing and private bathrooms became
widespread, transforming personal hygiene from a luxury into an essential component of
daily life.5
Sophistication in product development and marketing shifted public opinion, presenting
hygiene not just as a medical necessity but as a pleasurable, socio-economic marker. The
introduction of scientific authority into advertising—such as white-coated experts delivering
messages in the 1970s—reinforced this transformation, embedding hygiene practices into
everyday life and linking them to broader themes of sustainability and health.
In essence, the historical evolution of personal care products reflects the intersection of
public health, cultural norms, and individual practices. The journey toward sustainability
at the personal level highlights how innovative solutions and strategic messaging can
influence behavior and improve well-being across society, and it is a contemporary rather
than a purely historical venture.
HEALTHY AND SUSTAINABLE SKIN
The Aging Skin Barrier. In the ever-evolving landscape of skin biomechanics research, the
study of the aging skin barrier stands as a testament to the intricate interplay between time,
morphology, and physiology. As the population’s lifespan extends, the cosmetic industry
is presented with unique challenges and opportunities to innovate. In their review of the
aging skin barrier, Dr. Wickett and Dr. Tate shed light on the subtle yet significant ways
in which the aging process reshapes the stratum corneum’s structure and barrier function.
From the microscopic changes in the stratum granulosum that give rise to a corneocyte
structure comprising keratin microfibrils and release natural moisturizing factors, to
forms and function of the interstitial lipid layers, to surprising observations such as the
increase in corneocyte dimensions and the reduction in skin permeation and the decrease
of susceptibility to irritants as a person ages and progresses through the endocrine-induced
stages of life. They conclude with a detailed and fascinating discussion on the many efforts
to understand the yet-unsolved puzzle of why the elderly have “dry” skin.
Two articles discuss the topic of Sensitive Skin. Dr. Misery describes the clinical aspects of
this condition and considers the need to use “sensitive skin panels” to substantiate cosmetic
claims. Dr. Farage reveals that this condition can affect up to 70 percent of women and can
trigger other maladies.
The Definition and Clinical Study of Sensitive Skin. On the theme of sensitive skin, Dr. Misery
reports that sensitive skin is a complex and often misunderstood condition, characterized by
discomforting sensations such as stinging, burning, pain, itching, and tingling in response
to stimuli that would typically not provoke such reactions. Unlike other skin disorders,
these sensations cannot be linked to visible lesions or obvious skin diseases. The skin may
appear normal or show erythema (redness), making it difficult to diagnose based solely on
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