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(114) Choi HY, Lee YJ, Kim CM, Lee Y-M. Revolutionizing cosmetic ingredients: harnessing the power
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(115) Mauro TM. SC pH: measurements, origins and functions. In: Elias P, Feingold KR, eds. Skin Barrier.
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(116) Blaak J, Wohlfart R, Schürer NY. Treatment of Aged Skin with a pH 4 Skin Care Product Normalizes
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58. doi:10.4236/jcdsa.2011.13009.
(117) Schmid-Wendtner MH, Korting HC. The pH of the skin surface and its impact on the barrier function.
Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2006 19(6):296–302. doi:10.1159/000094670
(118) Ansari SA, Chapter 14. Skin pH and skin microflora. In: Barel AO, Paye M, Maibach HI, eds. Handbook
of Cosmetic Science and Technology. 4th ed. CRC Press 2014:163–173.
(119) Lambers H, Piessens S, Bloem A, Pronk H, Finkel P. Natural skin surface pH is on average below 5, which is
beneficial for its resident flora. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2006 28(5):359–370. doi:10.1111/j.1467-2494.2006.00344.x
(120) Fluhr JW, Darlenski R, Lachmann N, et al. Infant epidermal skin physiology: adaptation after birth. Br J
Dermatol. British Association of Dermatologists. 2012 166(3):483–490. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10659.x
(121) Hachem J-P, Roelandt T, Schürer N, et al. Acute acidification of stratum corneum membrane domains
using polyhydroxyl acids improves lipid processing and inhibits degradation of corneodesmosomes. J
Invest Dermatol. 2010 130(2):500–510. doi:10.1038/jid.2009.249.
(122) Angelova-Fischer I, Fischer TW, Abels C, Zillikens D. Accelerated barrier recovery and enhancement of
the barrier integrity and properties by topical application of a pH 4 vs. a pH 5·8 water-in-oil emulsion
in aged skin. Br J Dermatol. 2018 179(2):471–477. doi:10.1111/bjd.16591
(123) Buraczewska I, Lodén M. Treatment of surfactant-damaged skin in humans with creams of different pH
values. Pharmacology. 2005 73(1):1–7. doi:10.1159/000081068
(124) Hawkins S, Dasgupta BR, Ananthapadmanabhan KP. Role of pH in skin cleansing. Int J Cosmet Sci.
2021 43(4):474–483. doi:10.1111/ics.12721
(113) Chaudhuri RK, Bojanowski K. Bakuchiol: a retinol-like functional compound revealed by gene
expression profiling and clinically proven to have anti-aging effects. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2014 36(3):221–230.
doi:10.1111/ics.12117
(114) Choi HY, Lee YJ, Kim CM, Lee Y-M. Revolutionizing cosmetic ingredients: harnessing the power
of antioxidants, probiotics, plant extracts, and peptides in personal and skin care products. Cosmetics.
2024 11(5):157. doi:10.3390/cosmetics11050157
(115) Mauro TM. SC pH: measurements, origins and functions. In: Elias P, Feingold KR, eds. Skin Barrier.
Taylor &Francis Group 2006:223.
(116) Blaak J, Wohlfart R, Schürer NY. Treatment of Aged Skin with a pH 4 Skin Care Product Normalizes
Increased Skin Surface pH and Improves Barrier Function: Results of a Pilot Study. JCDSA. 2011 01(3):50–
58. doi:10.4236/jcdsa.2011.13009.
(117) Schmid-Wendtner MH, Korting HC. The pH of the skin surface and its impact on the barrier function.
Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2006 19(6):296–302. doi:10.1159/000094670
(118) Ansari SA, Chapter 14. Skin pH and skin microflora. In: Barel AO, Paye M, Maibach HI, eds. Handbook
of Cosmetic Science and Technology. 4th ed. CRC Press 2014:163–173.
(119) Lambers H, Piessens S, Bloem A, Pronk H, Finkel P. Natural skin surface pH is on average below 5, which is
beneficial for its resident flora. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2006 28(5):359–370. doi:10.1111/j.1467-2494.2006.00344.x
(120) Fluhr JW, Darlenski R, Lachmann N, et al. Infant epidermal skin physiology: adaptation after birth. Br J
Dermatol. British Association of Dermatologists. 2012 166(3):483–490. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10659.x
(121) Hachem J-P, Roelandt T, Schürer N, et al. Acute acidification of stratum corneum membrane domains
using polyhydroxyl acids improves lipid processing and inhibits degradation of corneodesmosomes. J
Invest Dermatol. 2010 130(2):500–510. doi:10.1038/jid.2009.249.
(122) Angelova-Fischer I, Fischer TW, Abels C, Zillikens D. Accelerated barrier recovery and enhancement of
the barrier integrity and properties by topical application of a pH 4 vs. a pH 5·8 water-in-oil emulsion
in aged skin. Br J Dermatol. 2018 179(2):471–477. doi:10.1111/bjd.16591
(123) Buraczewska I, Lodén M. Treatment of surfactant-damaged skin in humans with creams of different pH
values. Pharmacology. 2005 73(1):1–7. doi:10.1159/000081068
(124) Hawkins S, Dasgupta BR, Ananthapadmanabhan KP. Role of pH in skin cleansing. Int J Cosmet Sci.
2021 43(4):474–483. doi:10.1111/ics.12721























































































































































































































