Graph l Water 2008 ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC SEMINAR Polyglycerol-6 Dioleate l !-'.----+--I-·�,;-__-:.--:-..·.....,.... 0.01 Caprylic/Capric Glycerides 1 = Clear/Translucent Water 90% Caprylic/Capric Glyceride PEG-6 C8/Cl0 Glycerides Polyglycerol-6 Dioleate PEG-6 Caprylic/capric Glycerides In addition, higher levels of sunfilters (20-28%) were incorporated by using higher levels of microemulsion concentrate (30-42%) creating an alcohol-free translucent sunscreen spray. Samples were evaluated by their ability to withstand three Freeze/Thaw cycles. Additional temperature stabilities were also completed for one month (i.e. 25°C, 4°C, and 43°C). The concentrate not only serves as an emulsifying base but also has emolliency properties of its own. Conclusion It is possible to deliver water insoluble cosmetic active ingredients in a water-based, clear to slightly translucent, low viscosity form without the use of short chained alcohols. Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable and can be prepared at room temperature with gentle mixing thus allowing for ease of manufacture and protection of heat sensitive components. Creating a concentrate offers a versatile, easy formulation that requires no thermal energy to produce sprayable products to deliver active ingredients. Table 2 Emollients Propylene Glycol Caprylate Propylene Glycol Di:aprylate/Dicaprate Glycerol Carbonate Butyloctyl Palmitate Silicones % 2 2 3 1 Mlcroemulsion Blend 10 10 10 10 10 Graph 2 375 Cyclomethicone Vitamins Stabilising agent Stabilising agent Vitamin E Acetate Vitamin A Palmitate Sunscreens Octisalate Oclinoxate Oxybenzone Fragrances & Essential Olis Linalool Geranyl Acetate Vanillin Benzyl Acetate Eugenol Beta-lonone Tea Tree Oil References 1 0.5 2 1 1 10 15 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 '-..___/ II Water A 0/1/v �n Water B. W,O I. Rosano H, and Clausse M, Microemulsion Systems, Surfactant Science Series, Volume 24, 1-102 (1987) 2. Komesvarakul N, Sanders M, Szekeres E, Acosta E, Faller J, Mentlik T, Fisher L, Nicoll G, Sabatini D, and Scamehorn J, "Microemulsions of Triglyceride-based oils: The effect of Co-Oil and Salinity on Phase Diagrams", J Comet Sci., 55, 309-325 (July/August 2006) 3. Manning, MM, (2004) Microemulsion for cosmetics or Pharmaceutical Use Containing an Active Ingredient., United States Patent Application, 20040175341

376 JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE REMOVAL OF MICROBIAL PATHOGENS FROM SKIN USING MAGNETS Michael Daley, Ph.D., and David W. Koenig, Ph.D. Global Science and Technology, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Neenah, WI Abstract The presence of microbial species adapted to the skin constitutes one of the many defenses animals have against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Non-discriminate removal by surface active agents or annihilation using antimicrobials can destroy this beneficial ecology. It is therefore a health advantage to use a gentle nontoxic approach to remove pathogens from the skin. Candida albicans and Escherichia coli were removed from skin using modified paramagnetic microspheres, by attraction to a substrate containing cationic polymers, and by displacement on the skin by anionic microfibers. All alternative treatments evaluated enhanced the removal of microbes from skin as compared to untreated controls. Introduction The skin is the largest organ of the body and possesses a remarkable barrier system. However, it can often serve as a vehicle for transmission of pathogens. One of the means to control this transmission is often through use of aggressive surfactants and antimicrobials agents. However, these agents typically are indiscriminate in their removal or killing of microorganisms, negatively impacting the normal micro biota. This natural flora serves as the first mode of defense against pathogens (1 ). Thus disruption of the natural flora of the skin will leave the skin more vulnerable to attack by future pathogens (2). Therefore, a need exists to use a gentle nontoxic approach for removal of pathogens from the skin which minimizes disruption of the natural flora. Materials and Methods Skin squames were collected from the volar forearm using D-Squame® skin sampling discs and then blocked with bovine serum albumin. A generalized outline for all experiments is shown in figure I. Candida albicans or Escherichia coli were added to each skin disc and allowed to attach. After removal of the loosely attached microbes, modified paramagnetic microspheres (MPM) or micronized carboxymethylcellulose (MCC) treatments were applied to the skin discs. The MPM were modified with antibodies against C. albicans and E. coli, respectively, to bind the particles to that microbe. A fibrous substrate or plastic film was used in association with a magnet. For experiments using cationically modified fibrous or non-woven substrate to enhanced removal of yeast from skin, the treatment step and use of a magnet was omitted. To determine the impact of MCC on the removal of yeast from skin the steps involving the blotting with an applicator were omitted. The amount of yeast or bacteria removed from the skin was based on the number of microbes left on the skin disc as counted by either direct visual count or by quantitative enzyme linked immunoassay. In all cases the numbers of microbes removed were compared to an untreated sample. C) I , ""-,,., � . 1Hr33oC :_. _ 1Hr33ac .�r �-� -�--QD :: -���0�� '-G)�-�4 Q Biol Make Tissue Analysis Wash Tape Strip Applicator Figure 1. Generalized diagram of adhesion and removal protocol. Results and Discussion Magnets were observed to enhance the removal ofC. albicans and E. coli from skin (Table!). It was observed that fibrous substrates were more effective in removing yeast then a plastic film. A contrasting observation was that the magnet was more effective with the fibrous substrate then the plastic film with bacteria. This attribute may be a reflection of the differences in the underlining mechanism of adherence between the two organisms (3, 4).