288 JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE REFERENCES (1) R. M. Adams, "Occupational Skin Disease," in Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine (McGraw Hill, Health Professions Division, New York, 1999). (2) S. Ghosh and D. Blankschtein, The role of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles in inducing skin barrier perturbation in the presence of glycerol,]. Cosmet. Sci., 58, 109-133 (2007). (3) P. Moore, S. Puvvada, and D. Blankschtein, Challenging the surfactant monomer skin penetration model: Penetration of sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles into the epidermis, J. Cosmet. Sci., 54, 29-46 (2003). (4) P. Moore, A. Shiloach, S. Puvvada, and D. Blankschtein, Penetration of mixed micelles into the epidermis: Effect of mixing sodium dodecyl sulfate with dodecyl hexa(ethylene oxide),]. Cosmet. Sci., 54, 143-159 (2003). (5) L. D. Rhein, F. A. Simion, R. L. Hill, R.H.Cagan, J. Mattai, and H. I. Maibach, Human cutaneous response to a mixed surfactant system: Role of solution phenomena in controlling surfactant irritation, Dermatologica, 180, 18-23 (1990). (6) K. P. Ananthapadmanabhan, K. K. Yu, C. L. Meyers, and M. P. Aronson, Binding of surfactants to stratum corneum,j. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 47, 185-200 (1996). (7) A. Di Nardo, K. Sugino, P. Wertz, J. Ademola, and H. I. Maibach, Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) induced irritant contact dermatitis: A correlation study between ceramides and in vivo parameters of irritation, Contact Dermatitis, 35, 86-91 (1996). (8) L. D. Rhein, "In Vitro Interactions: Biochemical and Biophysical Effects of Surfactants on Skin," in Surfactants in Cosmetics, M. M. Rieger and L. D. Rhein, Eds. (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1997), pp. 397-426. (9) E. Beraradesca and F. Distante, Mechanisms of skin irritation, Curr. Prob. Dermatol., 23, 1-8 (1995). (10) J. W. Fluhr, M. Gloor, L. Lehmann, S. Lazzerini, F. Distante, and E. Berardesca, Glycerol accelerates recovery of barrier function in vivo, Acta Derm. Venereol., 79, 418-421 (1999). (11) J. Bettinger, M. Gloor, A. Vollert, P. Kleesz, J. Fluhr, and W. Gehring, Comparison of different non-invasive test methods with respect to the different moisturizers on skin, Skin Res. Technol., 5, 21-27 (1999). (12) M. D. Batt and E. Fairhurst, Hydration of the stratum corneum, Int.]. Cosmet. Sci., 8, 253-256 (1986). (13) D.S. Orth and Y. Appa, "Glycerine: A Natural Ingredient for Moisturizing Skin," in Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function, M. Loden and H. I. Maibach, Eds. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2000), pp. 213-228. (14) C. L. Froebe, F. A. Simion, H. Ohlmeyer, L. D. Rhein, J. Mattai, R.H. Cagan, and S. E. Friberg, Prevention of stratum corneum lipid phase transitions in vitro by glycerol-An alternative mechanism for skin moisturization, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 41, 51-65 (1990). (15) A. Rawlings, C. Harding, A. Watkinson, J. Banks, C. Ackermann, and R. Sabin, The effect of glycerol and humidity on desmosome degradation in stratum corneum, Arch. Dermatol. Res., 287, 457-464 (1995). (16) P. T. C. So, H. Kim, and I.E.Kochevar, Two-photon deep tissue ex vivo imaging of mouse dermal and subcutaneous structures, Optics Express, 3, 339-350 (1998). (17) P. T. C. So, C. Y. Dong, B. R. Masters, and K. M. Berland, Two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy, Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng., 2, 399-429 (2000). (18) J.C. Malone, A. F. Hood, T. Conley, J. Nurnberger, L.A. Baldridge, J. L. Clendenon, K. W. Dunn, and C. L. Phillips, Three-dimensional imaging of human skin and mucosa by two-photon laser scanning microscopy,]. Cutan. Pathol., 29, 453-458 (2002). (19) W. Denk, J. H. Strickler, and W.W. Webb, Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy, Science, 248, 73-76 (1990). (20) B. Yu, C. Y. Dong, P. T. So, D. Blankschtein, and R. Langer, In vitro visualization and quantification of oleic acid-induced changes in transdermal transport using two-photon fluorescence microscopy, J. Invest. Dermatol., 117, 16-25 (2001). (21) B. Yu, K. H. Kim, P. T. C. So, D. Blankschtein, and R. Langer, Visualization of oleic acid-induced transdermal diffusion pathways using two-photon fluorescence microscopy,]. Invest. Dermatol., 120, 448-455 (2003). (22) B. Yu, P. T. C. So, D. Blankschtein, and R. Langer, Evaluation of fluorescent probe surface intensities as an indicator of transdermal permeant distributions using wide-area two-photon fluorescence mi croscopy,]. Pharmaceut. Sci., 92, 2354-2365 (2003). (23) B. Yu, K. H. Kim, P. T. C. So, D. Blankschtein, and R. Langer, Topographic heterogeneity in
VISUALIZATION OF SKIN BARRIER PERTURBATION 289 transdermal transport revealed by high-speed two-photon microscopy: Determination of representative skin sample size,]. Invest. Dermatol., 118, 1085-1088 (2002). (24) B. R. Masters, P. T. C. So, and E. Gratton, Multiphoton excitation fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy of in vivo human skin, Biophys. ]., 72, 2405-2412 (1997). (25) R. Na, I. Stender, L. Ma, and H. C. Wulf, Autofluorescence spectrum of skin: Component bands and body site variations, Skin Res. Technol., 6, 112-11 7 (2000). (26) R. L. Bronaugh and H. I. Maibach, "In Vitro Models for Human Percutaneous Absorption," in Models in Dermatology, H. I. Maibach et al., Eds (Karger, Basel, 1985), Vol. 2, pp. 178-188. (27) R. L. Bronaugh, R. F. Stewart, E. R. Congdon, and A. L. Giles. Jr, Methods for in vitro percutaneous absorption studies. I. Comparison with in vivo results, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol, 62, 474-480 (1982). (28) K. P. Wilhelm, M. Samblebe, and C. P. Siegers, Quantitative in vitro assessment of N-alkyl sulphate induced cytotoxicity in human keratinocytes (HaCaT): Comparison with in vivo human irritation tests, Br. J. Dermatol., 130, 18-23 (1994). (29) B. R. Masters, P. T. C. So, and E. Gratton, Optical biopsy of in vivo human skin: Multi-photon excitation microscopy, Lasers Med. Sci., 13, 196-203 (1998). (30) K. H. Kim, C. Buehler, and P. T. C. So, High-speed, two-photon scanning microscope, Appl. Optics, 38, 6004-6009 (1999). (31) G. K. Menon and P. M. Elias, Morphologic basis for a pore-pathway in mammalian stratum corneum, Skin Pharmacol., 10, 235-246 (1997). (32) R. M. Raphael, R. E. Waugh, S. Svetina, and B. Zeks, Fractional occurrence of defects in membranes and mechanically driven interleaflet phospholipids transport, Phys. Rev. B, 64(5), art. 05913, part 1. (33) M. S. Malghani,J. Yang, and]. Wu, Generation and growth of bilayer defects induced by ultrasound, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 103, 1682-1685 (1998). (34) H. Tang, S. Mitragotri, D. Blankschtein, and R. Langer, Theoretical description of transdermal transport of hydrophilic permeants: Application to low-frequency sonophoresis,]. Pharm. Sci., 90, 545-568 (2001). (35) K. D. Peck, A.H. Ghanem, and W. I. Higuchi, Hindered diffusion of polar molecules through and effective pore radii estimates of intact and ethanol treated human epidermal membrane, Pharmaceut. Res., 11, 1306-1314 (1994). (36) W. M. Deen, Hindered transport of large molecules in liquid-filled pores, AIChE ]., 33, 1409-1425 (1987). (3 7) J. L. Anderson and J. A. Quinn, Restricted transport in small pores, a model for steric exclusion and hindered particle motion, Biophys. ]., 14, 130-150 (1974). (38) A. Tezel, A. Sens, and S. Mitragotri, Description of transdermal transport of hydrophilic solutes during low-frequency sonophoresis based on a modified porous pathway model,]. Pharm. Sci., 92, 381-393 (2003). (39) H. Schaefer and T. E. Redelmeier, Skin Barrier (Karger, Basel, 1996). (40) S. Mitragotri, M. E. Johnson, D. Blankschtein, and R. Langer, A theoretical analysis of partitioning, diffusion, and permeation across lipid bilayers, Biophys. ]., 77, 1268-1283 (1999). (41) J. Kushner, D. Blankschtein, and R. Langer, Experimental demonstration of the existence of highly permeable localized transport regions in low-frequency sonophoresis,J. Pharm. Sci., 93, 2733-2745 (2004). (42) U. F. Pliquet, T. E. Zewert, T. Chen, R. Langer, and J.C. Weaver, Imaging of fluorescent molecule and small ion transport through human stratum comeum during high voltage pulsing: Localized transport regions are involved, Biophys. ]., 58, 185-204 (1996). (43) K. P. Ananthapadmanabhan, D. J. Moore, K. Subramanyan, M. Misra, and F. Meyer, Cleansing without compromise: The impact of cleansers on the skin barrier and the technology of mild cleansing, Dermatolog. Ther., 17, 16-25 (2004). (44) P. M. Elias, Lipids and the epidermal permeability barrier, Arch. Dermatol. Res., 270, 95-117 (1981). (45) S. Ghosh and D. Blankschtein, Why is sodium cocoyl isethionate (SCI) mild to the skin barrier?-An in vitro investigation based on the relative sizes of the SCI micelles and the skin aqueous pores,]. Cosmet. Sci., 58, 229-244 (2007). (46) J. Kushner, Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of Passive and Ultrasound-Enhanced Transdermal Drug Delivery, Ph.D. thesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Tech nology, Cambridge, MA (2006). (47) A. Einstein, Investigation on the Theory of Brownian Movement, (Dover, New York, 1956), Vol. 58.
Purchased for the exclusive use of nofirst nolast (unknown) From: SCC Media Library & Resource Center (library.scconline.org)
































































































































